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Changes in Cells and Tissues within the Oral Cavity - Coggle Diagram
Changes in Cells and Tissues within the Oral Cavity
Cell injury & Adaptation
Causes:
Hypoxia
Physical agents
Chemicals & drugs
Infection
Immunologic reactions
Genetic defects
Nutritional imbalance
Cellular adaptation
Hypertrophy → ↑ cell size
Hyperplasia → ↑ cell number
Atrophy → ↓ cell size
Metaplasia → cell type change
Cell injury
Reversible
ATP ↓
Cell swelling
Fatty change
Irreversible
Mitochondrial damage
Membrane rupture
Necrosis
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
Requires ATP
Intrinsic pathway
Mitochondrial damage
Cytochrome c
Caspase-9
Extrinsic pathway
Death receptors
Caspase-8
Caspase-3 → execution
No inflammation
Myocardial Infarction
Ischemia
ATP depletion
Irreversible injury
Necrosis
Oral pigmentation
Increased melanin production
Normal melanocyte number
Oral melanoma
Melanocyte proliferation
Genetic mutation
Malignant transformation