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c1 section a - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Akumu: kneeling to older people and men is common for women many Africa tribes If they refuse it's seen as elitist But this very different from contemporary uk society
    - - a collection of values is called a Value system
      - some values are Universal and can be found in all cultures
  - - - a status you are born with or that is given to you through no merit of your own
    - - a status you achieve on your on
    - - when two social roles get in the way of one another
    - - the expected behaviours, attitudes, and obligations associated with specific positions within a social structure, guiding individual interactions and societal functioning.
  - - - things like family/kinship and cleanliness as well 95 music and cooking or joking
    - - Relativity is where you attempt to understand the cultural development Of a group on their terms rather than your own
      - where as ethnocentrism is the tendency to judge other cultures by your own standards -this is a form of Chauvinism
      - and cultural imperialism is where one culture imposes upon another
    - - Intercultural diversity
        
        Diversity between two different cultures
      - Intracultural diversity
        
        Diversity within one culture
      - Fun fact: intracultural diversity tends to be higher than intercultural diversity
    - - a smaller culture inside of a bigger one that has different norms and values they are aware of mainstream culture but deliberately reject it
      - while subcultures have differing Norms they still identify with the main Culture while counter cultures completely reject societies main culture
    - - culture enjoyed by elite upper class of society
      - Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002) is an influential French thinker whose 1979 book Distinction was translated into English in 1984. Bourdieu based his theory on a detailed mathematical analysis of two surveys of popular taste from the 1960's. Bourdieu takes the Marxist idea that society is divided into classes based on another type of capital: cultural capital. economic capital (wealth) then makes this more complicated by arguing there is
        
        Cultural capital is knowledge of High Culture, and it is acquired through a privileged upbringing and education. Lack of cultural capital might keep a wealthy person out of the ruling class, because they don't have the cultural capital to 'fit in'. Possession of cultural capital might give a poor person access to upper-class society; for exhibition. example, acadernics who understand art might mix with millionaires at an art Bourdieu claims each person has a habitus which is a collection of their personal habits (the way they speak, dress and think). Habitus reveals your cultural capital (or lack it) and also makes it harder for some people to acquire cultural capital even if they have the money to buy art, visit theatres or get an education in the classics.
    - - Every aspect of culture other than high culture some times referred to as high culture some claim it is less Sophisticated
      - story
        
        PC is widely liked 2. PC is the opposite of High culture 3. PC is mass produced that exploits (Marxist view) 4. PC is authentic- produced by ordinary people 5. PC is a negotiated culture, it is imposed by the ruling class, but ordinary people are free to discard parts of it. 6. Pc is a pick'n'mix collection of high and low cultural ideas.
      - Strinati: argued pop culture can be defined as mass culture because there's so much variety
      - Clarke and Critcher (1995) argue that we are not free to make choices because our consumption of popular culture is shaped and manipulated by the unscrupulous media, advertising and global corporations (capitalists) pursuing their own narrow interests and profits. Marxist say that popular culture creates false needs and commodity fetishism-
      - Adorno and Horkheimer (1944) argued that popular culture encourages you to think you 'need' to buy things which you don't really need, such as a new TV or the latest iphone.
      - Marcuse suggest that popular culture is used by the ruling class to encourage the population, especially the poor, to passively and uncritically accept the status quo and therefore inequality.
    - - a form of materialistic culture all about the relationship between the material and the consumer
      - conspicuous consumption is a common means of expressing identity
      - consumer Culture is so Popular as concepts like fast fashion allow for immediate gratification
      - Foster and McChesney (2012) the monopoly of consumerism, such as the dorninance of Google, Facebook, Amazon and Apple.
      - Graeber (2018) capitalism evolved to produce more profitable ways of exploiting labour to the extent that many of the jobs found in late capitalist societies serve no meaningful purpose beyond perpetuating the capitalist system. For example, having a job delivering goods for Amazon so that earn you money to buy goods from Amazon.
    - - spread of western ideas have lead to homogeneity which is leading to a global culture
      - mcluhan
        
        the world is becoming a global village due to everybody knowing ever bodies business thanks to technology
      - Ritzer
        
        Mcdonaldisation
        
        societies are becoming more similar like how fest fool chains are
        
        this happens through Processes efficiency calculability predictability and control
        
        this is leading to de skilling of works and cultural homoginiscaion
      - hall
        
        1 They may accept a global culture, and all countries will become more similar, which he referred to as 'cultural homogenisation'. 2 They may take in some parts of global culture alongside their more traditional culture, and develop a new, but still individual culture, which he called 'cultural hybridity'. 3 They may resist global culture and fiercely protect their cultural heritage, becoming more traditional and nationalistic, which he called 'cultural resistance'.
    - - a new form of culture male by mixing two or more forms of culture
      - Transformationalists argue cultures aren't swallowed up but instead they Pick parts to agree to and adapt The parts they don't want
      - les back - cultural masks
      - Nayak - white waanabes
      - Johal - Braisan dual identities
      - why do cultural hybrids emerge
        
        efficient cheaper transit
        
        growth of intentional tourism
        
        Global media
        
        Advances in tech
        
        uprooting and displacement leading to creolization
        
        westernisation
        
        Globalisation