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Classification of Materials - Coggle Diagram
Classification of Materials
Metal
Composition
Made of metallic elements
Usually used as alloys, not pure metals
Alloying improves strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance
Structure
Crystalline lattice arrangement
Atoms closely packed and regularly ordered
Atomic planes can slide → ductility and malleability
Bonding Types
Metallic bonding present
Positive metal ions in a sea of electrons
Free electrons allow conductivity and deformation
Ceramics
Composition
Inorganic and non-metallic compounds
Combination of metal and non-metal elements
Commonly oxides, silicates, and phosphates
Structure
Crystalline, amorphous, or partially crystalline
Rigid atomic structure with strong bonds
Limited atomic movement → brittle behavior
Bonding Types
Ionic bonding dominant
Covalent bonding also present
Strong, rigid bonds resist deformation
Polymers
Composition
Long chains of repeating monomers
Organic molecules mainly carbon-based
Composition allows flexibility and light weight
Structure
Chains arranged as linear, branched, or cross-linked
Chains can move relative to each other
Lower stiffness compared to metals and ceramics
Bonding Types
Covalent bonds within polymer chains
Secondary bonds between chains
Weak interchain bonding allows flexibility
Composite
Composition
Two or more different materials combined
Matrix phase binds the material
Reinforcement phase improves strength and stiffness
Structure
Multiphase and heterogeneous structure
Reinforcement embedded within matrix
Interfacial region allows stress transfer
Filler distribution affects overall properties
Bonding Types
Covalent bonding in polymer matrix
Ionic–covalent bonding in ceramic fillers
Chemical bonding at matrix–filler interface