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"Masculinity" in GOON, *Chapter 6, "Manly Protectors",…
"Masculinity" in GOON
Covert Masculinity
Though painted as opportunities or new forms of uplifting women, the rise of neoliberalism led to new expectations being placed on women, expectations tied to activities that were previously reserved for men. Under neoliberalism, women are granted more "choices" to expand their roles outside of just homemaker or caretaker by also working or taking on entrepreneurial endeavors. Even though these choices are being labeled as feminist, they still have an inherently masculine nature.
- Work and entrepreneurship as masculine activities.
- These activities now made accessible to women.
- Operating as overtly feminist now, but still covertly masculine.
The "Introduction: A Multicentric World Order" chapter briefly mentions how while there was a shift in expectations for women, men still deal with the "rigid notions of breadwinning, even as our neoliberal economy results in fewer men who have the economic means to claim the title of breadwinner," (Radhakrishnan and Solari 2023, 8).
- Can men feel masculine in their role as breadwinners if women now have more choices to pursue the same activities they do?
- Does this present a shift in the overall meaning of masculinity and what it means to be masculine?
Fragile Masculinity
A restructuring of the global economy post-WW II and neoliberalism caused some men around the world to experience a decrease in both mobility and status.
These experiences = "gendered anxieties"
*More prevalent in privileged men (White, heterosexual, higher socioeconomic status, etc.)
That said, are these anxieties only gendered, or are they also intersectional?
An image like this of a diverse group of women being empowered to work is something that could perhaps be seen as having an effect on privileged men who used to be able to do work (or fulfill their breadwinner duties) exclusively. With the rise of neoliberalism, the opportunities to do this expand for women but thus increase "competition" so to say.
- Opening more doors for women and expanding "choices" for them as threatening to masculinity.
- "Four decades of global neoliberalism, however,
have motivated historically powerful groups who perceive a loss of
power to reframe these state-led efforts to rectify historical inequities
as 'unfair,'" (Radhakrishnan and Solari 2023, 121).
- Over time, the anxieties and fragility increased, pushing men to feel as if they were losing power and being demasculated.
- The effect of this was "remasculization" movements that were racist, homophobic, misogynistic, and political in nature (Radhakrishnan and Solari 2023, 121).
Manliness as competitive
Manliness & masculinity previously connected to primarily work, but now connected to politics, international security, and nationalism.
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Masculinity & Modernity
In chapter 4, "Neoliberalism's Gendered Architecture," modernity is discussed as being tied to a gendering aspect where gender links to power, and power links to modernity.
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*Chapter 6, "Manly Protectors"
Putin, Trump, and Modi as examples of "manly protectors"
