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Op Art - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Use strict, calculated, mathematical arrangements
      - Lines, shapes, and grids
    - - Rooted in psychology and science of how eye processes information
      - Creates afterimages, hidden images
    - - Deceive the eye
      - Causes image to vibrate
      - Creates appearance of dynamic motion
    - - High contrast (black/white)
      - Complementary colors
      - Intense color
      - Creates visual tension
  - - - Heavily influenced by scientific findings in psychology, technology, and colour theory
      - Explores how brain interprets high-contrast, discordant patterns as movement or colour
      - Can cause physical sensations
    - - Deeply rooted in Bauhaus principles
      - Relies on mathematical composition, hard-edged forms, precise execution
    - - Artwork is not static
      - Requires viewer's presence to activate illusion
      - Viewer's movement and eye strain cause the piece to "work"
    - - Creates tense, ambiguous relationships between background and foreground
      - Makes image seem to "vibrate" or shift
    - - Does not represent scenes or objects
      - Focuses on process of seeing itself
      - Highlights fallibility and reactivity of human eye
  - - - Not passive observation
      - Designed as "generator of perceptual responses"
      - Forces viewer's eye to move rapidly
      - Creates sense of instability
      - Produces "retinal titillation"
    - - Use meticulously arranged lines, grids, checkerboards, concentric circles
      - Create illusions of warping, swelling, shifting
    - - Maximize disorienting, vibrating effect
      - Black-and-white
      - Starkly contrasting
      - Complementary colors
    - - Not just on canvas
      - Occurs in viewer's mind
      - Make viewer aware of their own perceptual processes
    - - Influenced by computing advancements in computing, psychology, science
      - Reflects modern, scientific worldview
- - - - Dense, high-contrast patterns
      - Makes flat surface appear to vibrate, shimmer or feel textured
      - High contrast vibrating works
    - - Some artists use metallic surfaces or treated surfaces
      - Creates vibrating light patterns
      - Patterns change as viewer moves
      - Getulio Alviani
    - - Texture rarely real in painting
      - Visual or implied texture
      - Created by density of pattern
      - Dense pattern Op Art
  - - - Non-representational forms
      - Based on pure geometric shapes
      - Victor Vasarely "Zebra"
    - - 2D shapes manipulated to appear 3D
      - 2D checkerboard appears to warp or bend into 3D surface
      - Victor Vasarely "Vega"
    - - Intentionally disrupts foreground/ background relationship
      - Hard to tell which is foreground, which is background
      - Brain flip-flops between interpretations
      - Reversible Op Art composition
  - - - Dense, repeated lines
      - Creates illusion of 3D depth & movement
      - Bridget Riley "The Stripe Paintings"
    - - Wavy lines
      - Lines converging towards a point
      - Produces illusion of warping, swirling or three-dimensional volume
      - Bridget Riley "Current"
    - - Lines rarely freehand
      - Carefully calculated
      - Drawn with rulers
      - Mathematically plotted
      - Ensures precision
      - Bridget Riley "Fall"
  - - - Simple, repeating motifs
      - Creates "dazzle" or "moiré" effect
      - Checkerboard
    - - Spiral or vortex patterns
      - Draws eye into central point
      - Creates feeling of falling or spinning
      - Vortex or spiral pattern creating spinning sensation
  - - - Uses complementary colors of equal intensity
      - Creates tension and illusion of movement
      - Not for emotional expression
      - Richard Anuszkiewicz "Radiant Green"
    - - Adjacent, high-intensity colours & opposite colours placed next to each other
      - Creates "dazzle" effect or after-images
      - Retina perceives colors not actually on canvas
      - Victor Vasarely "Vega"
    - - Uses stark black and white
      - Maximum contrast
      - Causes greatest confusion for the eye
      - Makes images feel "pulsating" or vibrating
      - Bridget Riley "Fission"
  - - - Major characteristic of Op Art
      - Two slightly different, overlapping patterns
      - Produces new, shifting pattern
      - Creates disorienting, shimmering effect
      - Moiré effect with overlapping patterns
    - - Repetition designed to create rhythm & motion
      - Sometimes causes vertigo or nausea
      - Bridget Riley - Rhythmic repetitive pattern
    - - Traditional, stable grids are warped or broken
      - Creates illusions of movement
      - "Moving in squares" effect
      - Victor Vasarely "The Chess Board"