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Valeria Tovar Period 3 Cardiovascular System, Major Components &…
Valeria Tovar Period 3 Cardiovascular System
Composition
: Classified as fluid connective tissue. It consists of plasma and formed elements.
Plasma(~55%):
90% water, contains electrolytes, nutrients, and proteins like albumin (60%).
Formed Elements:
Includes Erythrocytes (RBCs, ~45%), Leukocytes (WBCs, <1%), and Platelets (<1%).
Functions:
Transport:
Delivers oxygen/nutrients, moves metabolic wastes to lungs/kidneys, and carries hormones.
Protection:
Prevents blood loss via clotting and prevents infection via antibodies and WBCs.
Regulation:
Maintains body temperature, normal pH (using buffers), and adequate fluid volume.
Definition
: Blood typing system based on antigens present on red blood cells.
ABO Blood Types
Type A
: A antigen, anti-B antibodies
Type B
: B antigen, anti-A antibodies
Type AB
: A and B antigens, no antibodies which makes it universal recipient
Type O
: no antigens, anti-A and anti-B antibodies which is a universal donor
Rh Factor
Rh+
: Rh antigen present
Rh-
: Rh antigen absent
Definition
: The cardiovascular system circulates blood to maintain homeostasis and supports all body systems.
Transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones
Removes metabolic wastes
Regulates body temperature
Protects the immune cells and clotting
Maintains blood pressure and circulation
Definitions
: The heart is a muscular pump that propels blood through the circulatory system.
Chambers
Right Atrium
: receives deoxygenated blood from body
Right ventricle
: pumps blood to the lungs
Left atrium
: receives oxygenated blood from lungs
Left ventricle
: pumps blood to the body (strongest chamber)
Valves
Tricuspid valve
: in between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Pulmonary semilunar valve
: in the right ventricle then goes to the pulmonary artery.
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
: in between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Aortic semilunar valve
: in the left ventricle then goes to the aorta.
Epicardium
: outer layer, protection, reduces friction
Myocardium
: thick muscular layer, contracts to pump blood
Endocardium
: smooth inner lining, reduces resistance to blood flow
Deoxygenated blood goes through the superior inferior vena cava into the right atrium then goes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. Goes out through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary trunk, then goes pulmonary artery to the lungs where it picks up oxygen. Then goes to the pulmonary vein into the left atrium through the the bicuspid/mitral valve into the left ventricle. Leaves through the aortic semilunar valve, to the aorta, to the body where it releases oxygen.
Arteries
Carry blood away from heart
Thick, elastic walls
High pressure
Usually oxygenated
Veins
Carry blood toward heart
Thinner walls
Valves prevent backflow
Usually deoxygenated
Capillaries
Smallest vessels
One cell thick walls
Site of gas & nutrient exchange
Cardiac Cycle
Diastole
: heart relaxes, chambers fill
Systole
: heart contracts, blood pumped out
ECG (Electrocardiogram)
P wave
: atrial depolarization
QRS complex
: ventricular depolarization
T wave
: ventricular repolarization
Major arteries
Aorta
Pulmonary arteries
Coronary arteries
Subclavian arteries
Femoral arteries
Major Veins
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary veins
Jugular veins
Subclavian veins
Femoral veins
Blood Pressure
Systolic: pressure during ventricular contraction
Diastolic: pressure during ventricular relaxation
Normal: ~120/80 mmHg
Pulse
Heart rate felt in arteries
Normal adult: 60-100 bpm
Indicates cardiac output and rhythm
Blood Disorders:
Anemia (low O2 capacity; e.g., Sickle-cell, Iron-deficiency), Leukemia (WBC cancer), and Hemophilia (bleeding disorder).
Heart Disorders:
Pericarditis, Angina pectoris, Myocardial infarction (heart attack), and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF).
Vessel/Pressure Disorders:
Hypertension (high BP, >140/90), Varicose veins, and Circulatory Shock (Hypovolemic, Vascular, or Cardiogenic)
Major Components & Functions of Blood
ABO & Rh Blood Types
Major Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the Heart
Layers of the Heart
Blood Flow Through the Heart & Body
Blood Vessels Structure & Function
Cardiac Cycle & ECG
Major Blood Vessels
Vital Signs
Disorders of the Cardiovascular System