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Chapter 26 - Carbonyls - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 26 - Carbonyls
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Oxidation of aldehydes
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When aldehydes are oxidised, dichromate solution changes colour from ornage to green
Nucleophilic addition
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Oxygen is more electronegative that carbon, electron density in double bond lies closer to oxygen atom
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Aldehydes and ketones react with some nucleophiles, which are attracted to an attack the slightly positive carbon atom, resulting in addition across teh C=O bond
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HCN
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Organic porduct contains -OH group and nitrile group, they're called hydroxynitriles
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Distinguishing
Once compound is known to contain carbonyl using 2,4 DNP fresh sample is used to furhter classify as aldehyde or ketone
Prep
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3) Add dilute ammonia until brown precipiate dissolves to form clear solution, this is Tollens
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Test
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if silver mirror forms, its an aldehyde
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Melting point
2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazone precipitate can be analysed to identify the compoun
React carbonyl with 2,4 DNP
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