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percentages, concepts, next 5 concepts - Coggle Diagram
percentages
concepts
morethan / less than qsn algorithm
qsn: here he only mentions 2 elemsts and tells that one element is certain percent more than another element and asks that 2nd element is what %less than 1st element
if a is 25% morethan b , then b is what % less than a
in qsn he mentions both morethan and less than, if given % is given in terms as morethan then go with addition procedure and if given percentage is in terms of lessthan then go with subtraction
asn algorithm
step1: whatever % given take its decimal form
ex: 25% = 1/4
step2: since he mentined more than keep numerator as it is and in denominator now take (denominator + numerator)
1/(4+1)
in case if he mentins less than then we need to subtract (denominator- numerater) and take this as denominator
nothing but 1/5
step3: nothing but 1/5 after calculation
step4: now convert this final decimal into % 1/5=20%
so the ans is A is 20% less than A
concept2: sucessive increase/ decrease
sucessive increase
2 sucessive increase
using formula X+Y+[XY/100]
3 sucessive increase
here also there is formula but following is very calculative and time taking instead
step1: simply convert all given 3 percentages into decimals
ex: 12 1/2% = 1/8 and 25%= 1/4 and 11 1/9% =1/9
step2: now consider the denominatros of all this decimals that is 8, 4,9
step3: take this denominator and its next number as a ratio and you will get 3 ratio sets at the end
4:5
8:9
8 is denominator we got and 9 is next of this denominator 8
9:10
step4: do cancellations if possible any(note only opposite side cancellation is accepted)
8:1
9,9 cancels
1:5
2:5
2
2is 4 ans 2
5 is 10 cancels
step5: take multiplications of left side ratio and right side ratio as well and it means actual ratio is 16 and increased ratio is 25
8
2
1 = 16 and 1
5
5= 25
measn 16:25
step6: now % calculation
calculate diff of ration 25-16 = 9
and original value is 16 which is taken as denominator
on overall we can say 9/16 is increased
step7: (wrong)
now thia numerator can be written in denominator terms as
8+1/ 16
means we get 2/2
means 1
100% , if you assume like this this is wrong
step7(right)
8+1/16
we should take it as 8/16 + 1/16
8/16= 1/2 nothing but 50%
1/16= 6 1/4%(direct value)
so, 50+ 6 1/4%
56 1/4%
is our ans
next 5 concepts
concept6: elections based
basics:
if he gives like 10% voters did not cast their vote
assume total voters as 100 in 100 10% is 10
it means 10 members did not cast their vote and remaining 90 members voted and it means 90 votes are polled votes this is first base concept
first we found polled(casted) votes from given total votes
if he gives like "10% of polled votes are invalid"
polled votes are 90, 10% of 90 is 9, it means out of 90 polled votes 9 votes are invalid and valid votes are only 81
based on polled votes we calculated valid and invalid votes
if winner got 70% of valid votes then it means the opponent got 30% of valid votes
most people write here as in 81 70 goes means remaining 11 are oponent votes this is wrong as one is in % and another is in number take both in % or in number only depending on the qsn
if in qsn he gives one in number and another in % we can convert any one of it to make both either in % or number to make data in same parameters
and he gives like winner won by 3240 valid votes then find total no. of votes
overview
first find polled votes
based on polled votes find valuid and invalid votes
based on valid votes divide % of votes b/w winner and opponent
and if we add both winner and opponent % we should get 100
based on this percentages calculate majority
based on this majority and majority of votes mentioned we found relation b/w both of them
applied the same majority relation to total majority(100) to get total no of votes
trick to find majority
we have already seen how to find majority b/w 2 persons in 4,5 in above basics
let us assune 61% is a's majority and remaining 39% is b's majority
say how much a's majority is greater than 50 percent it is 11%
61-50= 11 means 11% greater magority than b
simply double this majority to find actual majority
11*2= 22
means 22% is true majority of person who won or we can say person is won by 22% majority