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Corruption - widespread and systematic abuse of economic and political…
Corruption - widespread and systematic abuse of economic and political areas for personal gain fueled by rapid industrialization.
New South - A movement for an economically self-sufficient South built on capitalism, industry, and transportation.
Jim Crow Laws - they grew racism in the South, they were harsh penalties towards black that were considered constitutional by the Plessy v. Ferguson which ultimately ruled that segregation was constitutional. 
Plessy v. Ferguson 1869 - this was a Supreme Court validated that the Jim Crow Laws were constitutional and thus segregation was ruled constitutional which grew racism widely in the South
Whiskey Ring (1874-1875) - bribed government officials to help them evade taxes, they only payed half of the excise tax.
Politics
Ulysses S. Grant
excellent general but not a good president, his inexperience in managing political machines and excessive trust led to a easy corruption.
Republicans - people needed to be moral, government should play a role in this
Democrats - lenient religious views, opposed governments role in morals of people
Tweed Ring - Boss Tweed utilized bribery, grafting, and milking elections to take advantage of the incoming immigrants in order to give them jobs for their votes in exchange this rigged the elections and in the end he was able to make $200 million from the government.
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The Hayes-Tilden Standoff 1876 - This presidential election ended in the Compromise of 1877 which made an agreement that made the Democrats vote for Hayes if the Republicans pulled their troops from the South there for abandoning racial equality
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Interstate Commerce Act 1887 - federal government controlled interstate commerce and prohibited pools, mandated published rates and started to enforce there authority after this act
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New Industrial Revolution - the standard of living grew, city populations grew and labor was in high demand
Women in Industries
Gibson Girls - clothing of women became more simple to represent independence and athleticism, women were also propelled into the workforce because of new machines which made home work easier to do
Their rights were not changed, they continued to work long hours, and small wages compared to men
Power Imbalance
There was a major power imbalance and because of the plentiful amount of workers, they were very much expendable, this created a system that was unorganized
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Unions were very strong
The National Labor Union 1866 - workers and farmers, skilled and unskilled, this Union fought for an 8 hour work day which was achieved for 6 years
The Knights of Labor 1869 - one big union for all workers,they won a strike against Jay Gould's Wabash Railroad in 1885 causing more people to join the group, but the Hay market Square Bomb gave them a bad name
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American Federation of Labor - this came from the Knights of Labor, this Union succeeded more because they focused on avoiding social reform, they wanted better wages, fewer hours, and safer conditions in the workforce, they focused on using direct ways to gain popularity and in the end changed public opinion.
Railroads
Credit Mobilier Scandal 1872 - the Union Pacific Railroad insiders formed the Credit Mobilier construction company, hired themselves and then inflated prices to as high as 348%, they also shared stocks with congressmen in exchange for their silence
The Wedding of the Rails in 1869 - Ogden, Utah marking the birth of a unified national network, railroads became the primary engine for new millionaires and speculators
Businesses
Steel - The Bessemer process (1850s) made steel cheap and essential for skyscrapers and transport. By 1880, the U.S. produced 1/3 of the world's steel. Mostly run by Andrew Carnegie who focused on vertical integration
Oil - Standard Oil Company (1870) consolidating previously competing enterprises and cornered virtually the entire world of petroleum market this company soon became the monopoly of the entire oil, kerosene, and gasoline companies.
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J. Pierpont Morgan - he was a banker who corrupted all of his competition by placing his employees in places of power (also known as interlocking directorates).
Gospel of Wealth: “The good Lord gave me my money”—J.D. Rockefeller. The wealthy used this ideology to justify their wealth, stating that they are "favored by God".
Social Darwinism: survival of the fittest theory applied to economy, culture, and society
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