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Health Determinants, Cause - Coggle Diagram
Health Determinants
Concept of risk factors: Host, Agent, Environment, Time
The epidemiologic triad consists of Agent (causal agent) + Host (susceptible individual) + Environment (surrounding conditions); Time adds a temporal dimension (seasonality, exposure duration). The interaction among these components explains why exposure does not always lead to disease.
Components
Agent: microorganisms, chemical agents, or physical factors that can cause disease.
Host: individual characteristics such as age, immunity, genetics, and behavior.
Environment: physical, social, and economic conditions that affect transmission or exposure.
Time: incubation periods, seasonal patterns, and length of exposure that influence disease occurrence.
Application: For interventions, targets can be the agent (e.g., vaccination), the host (e.g., promoting healthy behaviors), or the environment (e.g., improving sanitation).
Causes, risk factors, and determinants of health
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Cause
• Distal Causes: Distal causes are indirect or underlying causes that influence health from a distance.Examples:
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• Necessary Cause: A necessary cause must be present for a disease to occur. Without it, the disease cannot develop. However, it may not be sufficient by itself.Examples:
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• Sufficient Cause: A sufficient cause is a complete set of conditions that inevitably produce disease. It usually involves multiple factors working together rather than a single factor.Example:
Lung cancer is caused by a combination of smoking, genetic susceptibility, and environmental pollution
• Component Causes: These are individual factors that contribute to disease but cannot cause it alone. Most diseases result from several component causes acting together.Example:
Poor diet, lack of exercise, and stress contribute to heart disease
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