Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Materials, We get raw materials from nature, we process them to make…
Materials
Raw materials
-
Wool, cotton, oil, wood, minerals and marble are examples of raw
materials
Types
Animal origin: wool, silk, hides ...
Vegetable origin. cotton, wood, cork, linen...
Mineral origin: marble, clay, iron ...
Materials
Raw materials are transformed by physical and chemical processes varying size and thickness
into the venous types of materials that are used for manufactunng
They are prepared so that they are ready to use for making many
different products
A physical process is when a substance changes its state, for
example when a metal melts.The chemical composition of the
material does not change.
A chemical proccess is when a substance is transformed into a different substance whit different characteristics. The composition of the material changes. For example, petrol
deirivatives are transformed to create some types of plastic
Properties
Pysical properties
These properties relate to how materials react to external stimuli,
like electricity, light, heat or the applying of various forces
Electrical properties
Some materials conduct electricity like metals, and some not, like wood or plastic
Thermal properties
When the temperature increases, the materials expands, and when it decreases it contracts. Metals are very sensitive to it
Some material s change from solid to liquid when they heat up. Metals, some plastics and glass do it
-
Acoustic properties
Some materials can transmit sound. Some materials don´t do it well, like glass and plastic
Magnetic properties
Some metals attract
other metallic materials. Iron has
this property This allows It to
become a permanent magnet. lt
. attracts other ferrous materials,
such as steel
Optical properties
Opaque objects don´t let light pass, like wood
Translucent objects let light pass, but you can´t see clearly behind, like some types of glass
Transparent objects let light pass and you can see clearly the things behind, like glass
Mechanical properties
It depends on the type of force. There are many types of forces, like tensile, compressive, shear, flexural and torsional.
Elasticity allows the material to return to its original form after a
force that has changed its shape is removed
-
Malleability allows a material to be spread into sheets or films.
Materials with this property are malleable.
Ductility allows a material to be formed into filaments, or wires.
Materials with this property are ductile.
-
-
Brittleness is the opposite, when the material breaks easily
Other properties
-
Some materials can absorb or release liquids or gases. Some
stones and ceramic materials are porous (they contain tiny holes called
pores). This propem is related to density: if a material is more porous,
it's less dense
Some materials allow water or other liquids to filter through them
A iug contains liquid, or a wet cloth becomes wet
because they' re made from permeable materials.
Some materials don't allow water or other liquids to filter through
them For instance, glass is impermeable, so liquids stored in bottles
don't escape. Plastics and cork are also impermeable, or waterproof.
Chemical properties
This happens when a mineral reacts with oxygen in the air or water. Metals are the most sensitive materials to oxidation. That reddish-brown substance is called rust
Ecological properties
The environment is a system made up of human beings, flora,
fauna, earth, air, climate and landscape which all interact. Materials
are classified according to the impact they have on the environment.
Recyclable materials are reusable. They help conserve natural resources and avoid the accumulation of waste objects. Some are glass, paper, metal...
Toxic materials are harmful to the enviroment. They can be poisonus to living things because they contaminate the enviroment. Some are mercury, petroleum...
Biodegradable materials decompose naturally and don´t damage the enviroment. Some are paper, water-soluble plastics...
Manufactured goods
A manufactured good is any obiect created by humans to satisfy
their needs and improve their standard of living
-
We get raw materials from nature, we process them to make matenal, we make goods with these materials.
-
We can see these properties when the chemical composition of a material changes because it interacts with other substances
-