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Chapter 1: Evolution - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Scientific Theory
        
        General enough
        
        Supported by more evidence
        
        Broader than a hypothesis
        
        Scientists modify/reject previous theories
    - - Compare experimental with control
      - Variable: quantity that varies
        
        Independent
        
        Manipulated factor
        
        Dependent
        
        Measured factor
  - - - General to specific
      - First, device hypotheses
        
        Must be testable
      - Hypothesis may never be proven true
  - - - Qualitative
        
        Recorded descriptions
      - Quantitative
        
        Numerical measurements
      - Data: recorded observations
      - Statistics
    - - derive generalizations from observations
  - - - Precision Thermometers
      - High-speed cameras
      - Microscopes
  - - - Search for information and explanation
- - - - Study of genes
    - - Study of proteins and their properties
    - - Genetic material
    - - Set of proteins expressed
    - - Use of technology to process biological information
  - - - Regulation of a process
    - - Response reduced initial stimulus
    - - End product speeds up its production
  - - - Energy & Matter
        
        Producers
        
        Organism that produces organic compounds
        
        Consumers
        
        Organism that feeds on producers
      - Interactions
      - Information
      - Evolution
      - Organization
        
        Organisms
        
        Individual living things
        
        Organs
        
        Body part that consists of tissues
        
        Populations
        
        Individuals of a species
        
        Tissue
        
        Group of cells that perform a function
        
        Communities
        
        Living organisms in an environment
        
        Cells
        
        Smallest unit
        
        Prokaryotic Cells
        
        Lacks membrane-enclosed organelles & nucleus
        
        Eukaryotic Cells
        
        Has membrane-enclosed organelles
        
        Ecosystems
        
        Living & nonliving components
        
        Organelles
        
        Functional components in cells
        
        Biosphere
        
        Earth
        
        Molecule
        
        2 or more atoms
      - Emergent Properties
        
        Biological interactions
        
        Systems Biology
        
        Studying biological interactions
      - Genetic Information
- - - - First part: Name of genus (plural, genera)
        
        To which a species belongs
      - Second part is unique to the species
  - - - Prokaryotic Organism
    - - kingdom Fungi
        
        Absorb dissolved nutrients
      - kingdom Animalia
        
        Eat and digest organisms
      - kingdom Plantae
        
        Produce sugars/food by photosynthesis
      - protists
        
        Most diverse
        
        Most numerous
        
        Single-celled organisms
        
        Once placed in a single kingdom
    - - Prokaryotic Organism
  - - - Diversity
        
        Two species, one common ancestor
      - Unity
        
        Share traits from common ancestor
  - - - Species adapt
        
        "descent with modification
      - "natural selection"
    - - heritable traits
      - population grows, inevitable competition
      - species adapt to environment
    - - Higher survival rate based on inherited traits