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Sarahy Reyes-Copalcua Period 3 - Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Sarahy Reyes-Copalcua Period 3 - Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers, and valves)
Chambers
Right atrium
is what receives deoxygenated blood
Right ventricle
is what pumps blood to lungs
Left atrium
is what receives oxygenated blood
Left ventricle
is what pumps blood to body (thickest wall)
Valves
Tricuspid valve
is in between right atrium & ventricle
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
is in between left atrium & ventricle
Pulmonary valve
is the right ventricle to lungs
Aortic valve
is the left ventricle to body
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells
Removes carbon dioxide and metabolic waste
Helps regulate body temperature
Maintains blood pressure
Supports immune defenses
Major blood vessels (names arteries and veins)
Major Arteries
Aorta
Pulmonary arteries
Carotid arteries
Coronary arteries
Femoral arteries
Major Veins
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary veins
Jugular veins
Femoral veins
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types (arteries, veins,capillaries)
Arteries
Carry blood away from heart
Thick walls, high pressure
Small lumen
Veins
Carry blood toward heart
Thin walls, valves
Large lumen
Capillaries
One-cell-thick walls
Exchange gases, nutrients, wastes
Blood flow through the heart and body
Body releases deoxygenated blood - superior vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary valve - lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - mitral valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta - body
Major components and functions of Blood
Plasma
which is about 55%. It is the yellowish liquid that makes up most of the blood volume. It's made mostly of water, like about 90%, but also contains proteins, ions, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Red Blood Cells
also known as
Erythrocytes
which are cells responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and transporting carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
White Blood Cells
also known as
Leukocytes
, are part of the immune system, these cells help the body fight infections, diseases, and foreign invaders.
Platelets
also known as the
thrombocytes
are cell fragments that are essential for blood clotting, helping to stop bleeding at the site of a wound.
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Cardiac Cycle
Systole
which is the heart contraction
Diastole
which is the heart relaxation
ECG (EKG)
P wave
is the atrial depolarization
QRS complex
is the ventricular depolarization
T wave
is the ventricular repolarization
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Hypertension is high blood pressure
Hypotension is low blood pressure
Atherosclerosis is the plaque buildup
Heart attack also known as the myocardial infarction
Stroke
Congestive heart failure
Layers of the heart
Epicardium
is the outer layer
Myocardium
is the thick muscle layer that contracts
Endocardium
is the inner lining of chambers
Vital signs (BP and Pulse)
Blood Pressure
Systolic is the pressure during contraction
Diastolic is the pressure during relaxation
Normal: ~120/80 mm Hg
Pulse
Felt at arteries also known as the radial pulse
Shows heart rate and rhythm
ABO, Rh blood types
Type A
is A antigens and anti-B antibodies
Type B
is B antigens and anti-A antibodies
Type AB
– is A and B antigens and has no antibodies, it is a universal recipient.
Type O
- has no antigens and anti-A and anti-B antibodies, it is also a universal donor.
Rh positive
– is when Rh antigen is present
Rh negative
– is when Rh antigen is absent
Rh is Important for pregnancy and blood transfusions.