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Education - Coggle Diagram

- - - - streaming A - C economy
        
        they only help the people that can get a C but are not there yet and need the support. Other groups like those already getting As and those that are too far bellow a C and will not make the grade anyway are not given as much support
        
        this leads to most of the working class getting rejected
        
        marxists believe that this pressure from the government leads to streaming in schools and the neglect of the working class students
    - - this impacts them a lot
        
        _ did a study on children aged 8, they told the teacher that 20% of the students picked at random had high IQs, and then they came back to test all the children to see if their IQs had improved 6 months later and 1 year later, and it was evident that the children that had been labelled with a larger IQ had actually improved a lot while the other children's had not improved as much.
        
        this suggests that labelling had happened, however, it had not been mention exactly how that 20% of students had been treated differently and therefore it could be argued that the teacher's labeling did not impact their IQ
        
        other studies also investigated the same things and concluded that there was not much differences in the way that the children were treated
        
        therefore it could be argued that this is not a good reason for the divide between the middle and working classes in terms of educational achievement
      - teacher's use their housing to make judgements on the skill of the child and normally, people of similar class backgrounds are put together.
        
        those in lower classes are told to do easier group work and read together, giving them few opportunities for one-on-one learning or opportunities to do well on their own, meanwhile in the upper class groups, they are given harder work, encouraged to do better and given time to shine.
        
        this leads to a class division already reproducing class inequalities
        
        marxist
  - - - symbolic capital
      - symbolic violence
    - - self-exclusion
  - - - teacher's have certain expectations of their students
- - - - it is argued that because more black low income families use more broken english which is not used in school it is harder for them to understand the education system as the broken english is not as capable of expressing abstract ideas
      - there is also a concern that people who do not speak english at home have disadvantages to those who do
        
        this is not the case, people who speak a different language at home are 3.2% ahead of those who do when it comes to GCSEs and gaining at least 5 A-Cs
    - - family structure
        
        more black families have lone single parent mother
        
        which they believe leads to underachievement of black boys in education
        
        Sewell thinks that black boys lack the tough love a father gives to help them manage puberty and their emotions leading to disruptive behaviour which holds back their learning.
        
        critics
        
        some sociologists criticise him for ignoring women and it is not peer pressure but institutional racism
        
        1 more item...
        
        Geoffrey Driver argues that they are not paying attention to the benefits of ethnic differences
        
        keddie argues they are victim blaming and that ethnic minority children are culturally different not deprived. She believes they underachieve because schools are ethnocentric
        
        1 more item...
        
        some sociologists like Moynihan believe that this means there is a lack of role models for black men and so they turn to the perverted love from other missguided black men from gangs. this sort of culture is encouraged by rappers and singers and MTV shows
        
        new right would also agree this leads to the underachievement of black boys
        
        however black girls tend to do better than their white counter paths
        
        perhaps due to the strong female role model they have that shows them the importance of working hard
      - family expectations
        
        asian families put more pressure on their children to do well academically
        
        Ruth Lupton argues that the authority dynamics between asian parents and children simulates that of the school and children
        
        therefore they are able to do better in school
      - sewell thinks the biggest challenge facing black boy is peer pressure Sewell thinks that blacks boys are subject to lots of peer pressure to reject education due to their culture differences, education and being success if seen as more of a white thing
    - - Why are ethnic minorities at greater risk of material deprivation
        
        Some sociologists believe that poverty is caused by racism, people of ethnic minorities are commonly discriminated against in a job search or attaining housing
        
        ___ did a study where they did 3 application for 1000 jobs. one where the applicant was white and 2 that were of ethnic minorities still, the white applicants had a 1/9 chance of getting the job while the ethnic minority groups had a 1/16 chance of getting the job
        
        this proves the institutional racism in wider society as ethnic minorities remain more likely to not receive housing or jobs leading to lack of resources for their children which means it is harder for them to succeed academically.
        
        High unemployment rates
        
        This is because
        
        They are more likely to live in deprived areas economically that have lower wages and high unemployment
        
        Cultural reasons might stop them from doing certain work
        
        Racial discrimination in the labour market and housing
        
        Lack of skills/qualifications recognised by the UK
        
        this normally applies to refugees
        
        Low pay
        
        Low income
  - - - pupils responses to labelling