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DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY - Coggle Diagram
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
developmental psychology is the study or how and why humans change over the cause of their lives
developmental psychology examines various aspects, including physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development, aiming to understand the factors that influence these changes
important questions about life, like how we develop language skills, form attatchments, or navigate moral dilemmas fall within the realm of developmental psychology
key developmental theories provide essential frameworks for understanding how humans change and develop across the lifespan
key theories in developmental psychology
Stage Theory of Cognitive Development: Piaget proposed that cognitive development occurs through distinct stages, such as sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational
Sociocultural Theory: Vygotsky emphasized the role of social interactions and cultural context in cognitive development, introducing concepts like the Zone of Proximal Development
Operant Conditioning Theory: Skinner's theory focuses on the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behaviour, suggesting that our actions are influenced by their consequences
Social Learning Theory: Bandura proposed that learning occurs through observation and imitation, emphasizing the importance of modeling and vicarious reinforcement
Ecological Systems Theory: Bronfenbrenner's theory explores how individuals are influenced by multiple systems, including microsystems, mesosystems, exosystems, macrosystems, and chronosystems
RESEARCH METHODS
Understanding developmental psychology requires robust research methods to explore and analyze patterns, behaviours, and changes across the lifespan
Research methods in developmental psychology help us uncover patterns, test hypotheses, and contribute to the evidence-based understanding of developmental processes
Various methods were discussed, including case studies, cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies, twin studies, experiments, and naturalistic observation, to investigate different aspects of development
types of research methods
Case Studies involve an in-depth examination of a specific individual, group, event, or situation to provide rich, contextualized insights
Cross-Sectional Studies compare different age groups at the same point in time, providing a snapshot of age-related differences
Longitudinal Studies track individuals over time, allowing us to observe changes and developments throughout their lives
Twin Studies involve the comparison of monozygotic and dizygotic twins to investigate the relative contributions of genetics and environment to certain traits or behaviours
Experiments manipulate variables to examine cause-and-effect relationships
Naturalistic Observation involves observing individuals in their natural environments, offering real-world insights into behaviour