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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - Coggle Diagram
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
DEFINITION
A thermal engine whose combustion process, heat release process, energy transforming
process from thermal to mechanical occur inside the mechanical engine systems
CLASSIFICATION
By working cycle (stroke)
4-stroke engine
2-stroke engine
By fuel
Gas fuel
Liquid fuel
Solid fuel
By mixture formation
Outside cylinder
Inside cylinder
By combustion process
Compressed ignition – CI: Diesel engine
Spark ignition – SI: Gasoline engine
By charging process
Naturally aspirated
Forced charging: compress air
Turbocharge
Supercharge
By structural characteristics (Cylinder configuration)
Verticle
Horizontal
Incline
V
W
Radial
Opposed
By application
Automobile
Marine
Aircraft
Specialized vehicle: agriculture, construction...
Stationary: driving alternator, pump…
By thermal cycle
Otto cycle
Diesel cycle
Dual cycle
BASIC STRUCTURE
(1) Piston & cranktrain system
(2) Valvetrain system
(2.1) Intake system
(3) Lubrication system
(4) Cooling system
(7) Engine electrical system
(5) Fuel system
(2.2) Exhaust system
(6) Cylinder head, cylinder block
TERMINOLOGIES
Top-dead center (TDC)
piston position when it stopped at the
furthest place from the crankshaft
Bottom-dead center (BDC)
piston position when it stopped at
the closest place from the crankshaft
Bore (𝐁)
diameter of the cylinder
Stroke (s)
piston movement distance from one extreme point
to the other
Displacement – Swept volume (𝑽𝒅):
the cylinder volume limited by the 2 dead
centers
Clearance volume (𝑽𝒄)
the smallest cylinder volume
Total volume (𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙)
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑉𝑑 + 𝑉c
Compression ratio (𝒓𝒆)
the ratio of the total volume and the clearance volume
Mixture
mixture of air and fuel
Working fluid
the fluid exists inside the cylinder during operation
Cycle
a cycle includes all strokes