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chapter 22, Chapter 23 - Coggle Diagram
chapter 22
adaptations, inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environment
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A branching diagram that reflects a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.evolutionary tree
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natural selection, a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than do other individuals because of those traits.
The supercontinent that formed near the end of the Paleozoic era, when plate movements brought all the landmasses of Earth together. pangaea
(plural, strata) A rock layer formed when new layers of sediment cover older ones and compress them. stratum
A feature of an organism that is a historical remnant of a structure that served a function in the organism's ancestors. Vestigial Structure
because natural selection affects independently evolving species in similar environments in similar ways (convergent evolution)
The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits.artificial selection
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evolution as descent with modification, a phrase Darwin used to summarize the process by which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time.
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Chapter 23
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Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions. Typically, the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population. bottleneck effect
Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population.founder effect
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A process in which traits that enhance survival or reproduction tend to increase in frequency over time, resulting in a better match between organisms and their environment. adaptive evolution
Selection in which the fitness of a phenotype depends on how common the phenotype is in a population.frequency-dependent selection
The transfer of alleles from one population to another, resulting from the movement of fertile individuals or their gametesgene flow
Greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared with homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in a gene pool.heterozygotes advantage
Evolutionary change below the species level; change in the allele frequencies in a population over generations. microevolution