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implicit memory, non-declarative, sensory memory, habituation, classical…
implicit memory, non-declarative
procedural memory
motor and executive function, automatic access for task performance
acquired through procedural learning: systematic repetition of complex activity
memories consolidated during sleep (Ellenbogen et al., 2006)
Ellenbogen, J. M., Payne, J. D., and Stickgold, R. (2006). The role of sleep in declarative memory consolidation: passive, permissive, active or none? Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 16, 716–722. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2006.10.006
priming
section of memory concerned with grouping, schema. identification of stimulus easier after encounter with similar stimulus
unconscious memories, automatic abilities and skills
sensory memory
unconscious collection of data thru perception, brief storage (less 1sec)
echoic memory
: auditory stimulus
iconic memory
: visual stimulus
haptic memory
: touch stimulus
habituation
background data. remembering stimulus that doesn't require attention
Non-associative Memory
classical conditioning
automatic response. associations between stimuli and responses
Associative Memory
explicit memory, declarative
sematic
fact keeping section of long term storage. knowledge about the world
a specific modality and supramodal modality
episodic
long term storage of personal experiences. recollection of personal events.
hippocampus generates new memories and stores for later retrieval
autobiographical information
flashbulb memories
conscious memories of previously stored experiences, facts, and concepts available for verbal recall
decay, interference
proactive interference:
old information clouds new
retroactive interference:
new facts supplant older
paradox of memory
process of memory can lead to errors
short term memory
working memory
short term storehouse, receives sensory information processed by sensory storehouses and data in long-term memory
Baddeley’s multi-storehouse model (2000)
Phonological Buffer:
supporting language acquisition, two subprocesses: acoustic storehouse, subvocal articulatory rehearsal process
The Central Executive
: attention control system, limited processing capacity.
Episodic Buffer:
temp storage for integration of information from different sources
Baddeley, A. D. (2000). The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory? Trends Cogn. Sci. 4, 417–423. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2
Visuospatial Sketchpad:
visual and parietal
preserves selected sensory memory, retains limited information. immediate use, 20-60 seconds
temporarily retains and manipulates information as part of cognitive tasks such as learning, reasoning, and understanding
Memory processes
acquisition
encoding:
process that transforms experiences into mental representations
encoding specificity
context dependent:
external conditions mirror memory to aid recall
state dependent:
internal conditions mirror memory to aid recall
attention, context, familiary and association all impact the success or failure in encoding memories
storage
maintenance of representations over time - holding memory
Long term memory
for comprehending the world, duration hours to decades, potentially permastorage
Retrieval
reactivating or reconstructing information, access and use of representation
Recall:
bring memory to conscious mind
recognition:
encountering information prompts recall
Relearning:
learning previously known information
schema
organised knowledge structure that helps interpret information
framework for understanding can also led to memory errors -
distorted memories