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Electricity & Magnetism - Coggle Diagram
Electricity & Magnetism
Electricity
Materials can become electrically charged
Electric charge is a property of matter
Electric charge: a property that allows an object to exert an electric force on another object without touching it
Electric Field: the space around a particle through which an electric charge can exert a force
Static changes are caused by the movement of electrons
Static charge: the buildup of electric charge in an object
Charging by contact
How materials Affect Static Charging
Charging by induction
Induction: the buildup of a charge without direct contact
Charge Polarization
Technology uses static electricity
Charges can move from one place to another
Static charges have potential energy
Electric potential energy
Electric potential: the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a certain position in an electric field
Volt: equal to one joule of energy per coulomb of charge
Charge movement
Lightning
Charge seperation
Charge Buildup
Static Discharge
Materials Affect charge movement
Conductors and Insulators
Conductor: a material that allows an electric charge to pass through it easily
Insulator: a material that does not easily allow a charge to pass through it
Resistance: the property of a material that determines how easily a charge can move through it
ohms: the measure of electrical resistance
Superconductors
Grounding: providing a harmless path for electricity to follow
Electric current is a flow of charge
Electric charge can flow continuously
Electric current: another name for flow of charge
Current, Voltage, and Resistance
ampere (amp): the standard unit of measure for current
Ohm's Law
Current = Voltage/Resistance
Measuring electricty
Electric cells supply electric current
Electric cells: produce an electric current using the chemical or physical properties of different materials
Electrochemical cells
Primary cells
Storage cells
Solar cells
Circuits and Electronics
Circuits make electric current useful
Circuits are constructed for specific purposes
Circuits can have multiple paths
Series circuits: a circuit in which follows a single path
parallel circuits: a circuit in which current follows more than one path
Circuits convert electrical energy into other forms of energy
Electronic technology is based on circuits
Electronics use coded information
Electronic device: a device that uses electrical current to represent coded information
Binary code: a coding system consisting of two choices
Digital information: information that represents numbers or digits
Analog to digital
Computer circuits process digital information
computer: an electrical device that processes digital information
integrated circuits
personal computers
imput
storage
processing
output
computers can be linked with other computers
The origin of the internet
the Internet today
Charge needs a continuous path to flow
Electric charge flows in a loop
circuit: a closed path through which a continuous charge can flow
The parts of a circuit
voltage source
Conductor
Switch
Electrical device
Open and closed circuits
Current follows the path of least reistance
short circuits: an unintended path connecting one part of a circuit with another
functioning circuit
short circuit
grounding a circuit
Safety devices control cirrcuit
how fuses work
other safety devices
Magnetism
3.1 Magnetism is a force that acts at a distance
Magnets attract and repel other magenets
Magnet: an object that attracts certain other materials
Magnetism: the force exerted by a magnet
Magnetic poles are the parts of a magnet where the Magnetism is the strongest
Magnetic fields: the region around a magnet in which the magnet exerts force
Some materials are magnetic
Inside magnetic materials
Magnetic domain: a group of atoms whose field are aligned
Temporary and permanent magnets
Earth is a magnet
Earth's magnetic field
Magnetism in the atmosphere
3.2 Current can produce magnetism
An electrical current produces a magnetic field
Electromagnism: Magnetism that results from an electric current
Electromagnet: a magnet made by placing a piece of iron or steel inside a coil of wire
Uses of electromagnet
Motors use electromagnets
Motors
Uses of motors
3Magnetism can produce current
Magnets are used to generate an electric current
Generator: a device that converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy
Direct and alternating Currents
Magnets are used to control voltage
Transformer: a device that increase or decreases voltage
3.4 Generators supply electrical energy
Generators provide most of the world's electrical energy
Electric power can be meausred
Watts and kilowatts
Calculating energy use