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pad and dvt and dic 外周血管疾病 深静脉血栓形成 弥散性血管内凝血 - Coggle Diagram
pad and dvt and dic 外周血管疾病 深静脉血栓形成 弥散性血管内凝血
pad
narrowing of the arteries due to atherosclerosis results in decreased peripheral tissue perfusion
risk factors:
-hypertension
-smoking
-diabetes mellitus
-obesity
-hyperlipideia
-advacned age
symptoms
intermitted clacudiaction: ischemic lower exrtremity pain during periods of exertion that is relieved with rest
-cool dry shinny skin
-loss of hair, brittle nails
-decreased palpable pulses
-delayed capillary refill
-without interventon
diagnosis:
ankle-brachial index
intervention
-supervised exericse program
-avoid crossing the legs and cold exposure
-low-cholessterol, low-fat diet
-lip- lowering meds
-antiplatelet angents
-antihypertensives
-smoking cessation
-blood glucose control
-proper limb and foot care
-surgical interventions: revascularization( peripheral artery by pass surgery)
dvt
occurs when a blood clot becomes lodged in deep veins frequently in the lower extremities
risk factors
-age above 65
-immobility
-obesity
-oral contraceptives
symptoms
-unilateral
1. edema
2. pain
3. redness
4. warmth
5. lose sensation
diagnositcis
-d-dimer
-venous doppler ultrasound
intervention
dvt prevention
-change position and walk frequently
-perform leg exercises
-Avoid crossing legs in bed and placing a pillow behind the knees
-Use compression devices or anti-embolism stockings
-Take anticoagulant as prescribed
management
-anticoagulant
-observe for evidence of bleeding
-prevent fall
-monitor bruises
-comprehensive neurovascular assessment
-caff compression
-monitor for signs of pulmonary embolism
-short of breah
-early ambulation after edequate anticoagulation
-explain the role of long-term anticoagulation and periodic blood testing
-encourage adequte fluid intake
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)
risk facotrs
-prolonged standing
-prior deep vein thrombosis
-obesity
symptoms
-dependent edema
-reddish brown skin discoloration
-thick, lethery skim
complications
-chronic venous stasis ulcers
1. located on above the medial malleolus
2. painful in dependent postion
-secondary infection
1. fever, chills
2. leokocytosis
3. increase redness
4. increasing pain
intervention
-promote would healing
1.diet with protein,caloires, nurtients
2. control of blood glucose
3. removal of necrotic/dead tissue by using normal salin
4. dressing changes
5. usually no antiboitics
monitor for signs of infection
1. expanding erythema at the edges
2. increaased pain and warmth
3. change in the color and odor of discharge
4. presence of pus
teaching
-avoid prolonged sitting or standing
-evevated legs for 20-30mins
-compression stockings
-healthy weight
-avoid restrcted clothing
-walk daliy