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Unit 5 Electricity and magnetism - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Materials can become electrically charged.
        
        Technology uses static electricity
        
        Electric charge is a property of matter
        
        Electric field: The space around a particle through which an electric charge can exert this force.
        
        Electric charge: a property that allows an object to exert an electric force on another object without touching it
        
        Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons
        
        A static charges is a buildup of electric charge in an object caused by the presence of many particles with the same charge
        
        Charging by contrast
        
        How materials effect static charging
        
        Charging by induction
        
        The buildup of a charge without direct contact is called induction
        
        Charge polerization
    - - Charges can move from one place to another
        
        Static charges have potential energy
        
        Electric potential energy
        
        Electric potential
        
        Electric potential is the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a certain position in an electric field.
        
        A potential of 1 volt is equal to 1 joulel of energy per coulomb of charge.
        
        Charge movement
        
        lightning
        
        Materials affect charge movement
        
        conductors and insulators
        
        a material or device that conducts or transmits heat, electricity, or sound, especially when regarded in terms of its capacity to do this.
        
        a material that resists the flow of electricity, heat, or sound, preventing energy transfer by tightly holding its electrons
        
        Resistance
        
        a material's opposition to the flow of electric current
        
        ohm: the standard unit of electrical resistance, measuring a material's opposition to electric current, defined as one volt of pressure causing one ampere of flow (V/A)
        
        Super conductors
        
        grounding
        
        providing a harmless path for the electricity to follow
    - - Electric current is a flow of charge
        
        electric charge can can flow continuesly
        
        electric current is: the continuous flow or displacement of electric charge (like electrons or ions) through a conductor or space, measured as the rate of charge flow (Coulombs per second) in Amperes (A)
        
        Current voltage and resistance
        
        the SI base unit of electrical current.
        
        ohm's law
        
        ohms Law
        
        It states that if you increase voltage, current goes up, and if resistance increases, current goes down
        
        Measuring electricity
        
        Electric cells supply electric current
        
        electric cell is a device that converts stored chemical energy into electrical energy
        
        electrochemical cells
        
        solar cells
- - - - Electronic Technology is based on circuits
        
        electronics use coded information
        
        an electronic device is a component or system that controls the flow of electrons or electrically charged particles to process information, amplify signals, or convert energy
        
        Binary code
        
        Binary code is a fundamental system in science and computing that represents data, instructions, and information using only two digits: 0 and 1
        
        digital information
        
        digital information is data encoded into a discrete, binary format (0s and 1s) that represents physical, analog, or abstract information
        
        analog to digital
        
        analog information is continuous, real-world data represented by signals that vary smoothly over time, rather than in discrete steps
        
        computer circuits procces digital information
        
        a computer is an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.
        
        integrated circuits
        
        Personal computers
        
        computers can be linked with other computers
        
        The origin of the internet
        
        The internet today
    - - Charge needs a continuous path to flow
        
        Electric charge flows in a loop
        
        circuit : a device that converts stored chemical energy into electrical energy
        
        parts of a circuit
        
        resistor: a passive electronic component that limits or controls the flow of electric current in a circuit
        
        Open and closed circuits
        
        Current follows the path of least resistance
        
        Short Circuits
        
        a short circuit is when: an electrical fault where current takes an unintended, low-resistance path, bypassing the normal load (like a light bulb) and causing a surge of excessive current, leading to overheating, component damage, sparks, or fire, as electricity naturally seeks the path of least resistance
        
        grounding a circuit
        
        Safety devices control current
        
        other safety devices
        
        how fuses work
    - - Circuits make electric current useful
        
        Circuits are constucted for specific purposes
        
        Circuits have multiple paths
        
        Series circuits
        
        a series circuit is an electrical circuit where components (like resistors, bulbs, or switches) are connected end-to-end, forming a single, continuous path for the electric current to flow
        
        Parallel circuits
        
        A parallel circuit is an electrical setup where components (like resistors or light bulbs) are connected across common points, creating multiple, independent paths for current to flow, with the voltage remaining the same across each path while the total current splits among them
        
        Circuits convert electrical energy into other forms of energy
- - - - Magnetism is a force that acts at distance
    - - Current can produce magnetism
    - - Magnetism can produce current
    - - Generators supply electrical energy