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Biology, Chapter 4: Introduction to the Cell, Chapter 3: Molecules of…

- - - - Animalia Kingdom
  - - - ecosystem
        
        community
        
        population
        
        organisms
        
        organ & organ systems
        
        tissue
        
        1 more item...
  - - - theory
        
        question
        
        hypothesis
        
        prediction
        
        experiment
        
        analyze data
        
        1 more item...
  - - - agriculture
      - pets
- - - - all living things are made of cells.
        Cells are the basic unit of life.
        
        Plasma membrane
        
        -phospholipid bilayer.
        -Embedded proteins.
        -controls what enters and leaves.
      - cell size
        
        -small cells- large surface to volume ratio
        -efficient exchange of materials
- - - - synthesizes lipids
        helps make phospholipids
    - - ribosomes attached
        folds&modifies proteins
  - - - digestion
    - - pumps excess water out
    - - storage
        growth
        maintains turgor pressure
- - - - movement,sensory
    - - long, motility
- - - - Forms chains, rings, branches
  - - - Hydrophobic
      - Nonpolar
    - - Different Structure
      - Same Molecular Formula
  - - - Polymers
        
        Hydrolysis ( breaks )
        
        Dehydration ( builds )
  - - - Polar
        
        Hydrophilic
    - - Nonpolar
        
        Hydrophobic
        
        Covelant Bonds
- - - - Two monosaccharides
  - - - Starch
        
        Plants
      - Glycogen
        
        Animals
    - - Cellulose
        
        Plant Cell Walls
      - Chitin
        
        Insect exoskeleton and fungal cell walls
- - - - Higher helkath risk
    - - Helathier
    - - Unhealthy
  - - - Polar head ( hydrophili)
      - Nonpolar tails ( hydrophobic )
  - - - Componet of animla cell membrane
    - - Testosterone
      - Estradiol
    - - Synthetic Variations of testosterone
- - - - Central Crabon
      - Amino Group
      - Carboxyl Group
      - H Atom
      - R Group
        
        R Groups determine properties
        
        Hydrophobic ( non polar)
        
        Hydrophilic ( polar )
        
        Charged
        
        Acidic ( - )
        
        Basic ( + )
  - - - Function
        
        Denaturation
        
        loss of shape,, loss of function
        
        Protein misfolding
        
        Can cause disease.
        
        Wrong shape
        
        Incorrect foldimng
  - - - Monomer: Nucleotide
      - Polymer: Polynucleotide
        
        Types
        
        DNA
        
        Strcuture: double- stranded
        
        Sufar: deoxyribose
        
        Bases: A, T, C, G
        
        Function: Stores genetic infromation
        
        Evolution example: Lactose tolerance
        
        RNA
        
        Strcture: Single- stranded
        
        Sugar: Ribose
        
        Bases: A, U, C, G
        
        Function: Gene expression