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Biology - Non-Communicable Diseases - Coggle Diagram
Biology - Non-Communicable Diseases
Risk Factors
increase likelihood
Types of risk factors
Lifestyle
e.g. exercise
Environment
e.g. air pollution
Substances in body
e.g. asbestos
Direct
Smoking
Cardiovascular disease
Lung cancer
Lung disease
damages walls of arteries
Obesity
Type 2 diabetes
body is less sensitive
struggles to control glucose concentration
Alcohol
Liver disease
affect brain function
damages nerve cells
Pregnant
Smoking + alcohol
health problems for baby
Carcinogens
cancer
Indirect
correlation ≠ cause
lack of exercise and high fat diet
increase risk of
cardiovascular disease
resulting high blood pressure and bad cholesterol levels
Cost
Human
tens of millions die
lower quality of life
family
emotional stress
Financial
family
move or adapt home
income reduced
research and treatment
reduction of people that work can affect county’s economy
increased healthcare costs
Cancer
Tumours
Benign
NOT cancerous
grows until no more room
stays in one place
grows slowly
Malignant
ARE cancerous
spreads to neighbouring healthy tissues
break off and spread through bloodstream
invade tissues
secondary tumours
fatal
grow rapidly
abnormal mass of cells due to rapid, uncontrollable growth
Risk Factors
Lifestyle
Smoking
lung cancer
mouth
bowel
stomach
cervical
Obesity
bowel
liver
kidney
UV exposure
UV radiation from sun (sunbeds)
skin cancer
Ionising radiation
removes electrons from atoms/molecules to form ions
damages DNA in cells
mutation
X-rays
Some viruses
hepatitis
liver cancer
inserting DNA to host cells
disrupts cell cycle genes
uncontrolled cell division
mutations and tumour formation
Genetics
inherit faulty genes
more susceptible
mutations in BRCA genes
breast
ovarian
Carcinogens
damage DNA
several mutation
Smoking
nicotine
increased heart rate and blood pressure
addictive
carbon monoxide
blocks oxygen from binding to haemoglobin
shortness of breath
fatigue
pregnant women
foetus does not get enough oxygen to grow
premature
low birth rates
stillbirths
tar
contains carcinogens that damage DNA
cancer
lungs
mouth
heart
stained lungs
increases liklihood
bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi
COPD
breakdown of alveoli
reduce SA:V of lungs
severe breathlessness
Smoking
damage arteries
lining
build-up of dirt, mucus, pathogens
increases BP
raises HR
clot formation
strokes
heart attacks
Pregnant women
increases risk of miscarriage
babies and children
suffer from respiratory infections
asthma
Emphysema
walls of alveoli weaken
decreased surface area
decreased gaseous exchange
breathing is harder
Smoker’s cough
excess mucus
Alcohol
Depressants
damage brain cells
relax users
more sociable
Short term
driving is dangerous
affects decision-making
decreased judgement and coordination
drowsiness
vomiting
dehydration
violence
unconsciousness
Long term
brain damage
vitamin B deficiency
heart
stomach
ulcers
liver
removes alcohol from bloodstream (toxic)
damage lining
reproductive system
heavy + irregular periods
fertility
Pregnancy
miscarraige
low birth weight
premature
Brain
slows reaction time
difficulty to walk
impair memory
slurred speech
changed in sleep + mood
lead to
memory problems
psychiatric problems
long-term care
brain shrinkage
Liver
weight loss
loss of appetite
drowsiness
lipids build up
cirrhosis of liver
liver scarred
loses ability to function