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Electricity and Magnetism - Coggle Diagram
Electricity and Magnetism
Electricity
Charges can move from one place to another.
Static charges have potential energy.
Electric Potential
Electric Potential- The amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a certain position in an electric field.
Volt- Equal to one joule of energy per coulomb of charge.
Charge Movement
Electric Potential Energy
Lightning
Materials affect charge movement.
Resistance
Resistance- The property of a material that determines how easily a charge can move through it.
Ohms- The units that electrical resistance is measured in.
Superconductors
Conductors and Insulators
Conductor- A material that allows an electric charge to pass through it easily.
Insulator- A material that does not easily allow a charge to pass through it.
Grounding
Grounding- Providing a harmless, low-resistance path-a ground- for electricity to follow.
Electric current is a flow of charge.
Electric charge can flow continuously.
Ohm's Law
Ohms's Law- The relationship between voltage and resistance. Current=Voltage/ Resistance or I=V/R.
Measuring Electricity
Current, Voltage, and Resistance
Electric Current- The form of electricity used to supply energy in homes, schools, and other buildings.
Ampere- The standard unit of measure for current.
Electric cells supply electric current.
Electrochemical Cells
Electric Cell- Produces electric current using the chemical or physical properties of different materials.
Solar Cells
Materials can become electrically charged.
Technology uses electricity.
Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons.
Charging by Induction
Induction- The buildup of a charge without direct contact.
How Materials Affect Static Charging
Charge Polarization
Charging by Contact
Static Charge- A buildup of electric charge in an object caused by the presence of many particles with the same charge.
Electric charge is a property of matter.
Electric Field- The space around a particle through which an electric charge can exert this force.
Electric Charge- A property that allows an object to exert an electric force on another object without touching it.
Circuits and Electronics
Circuits make electric current useful.
Circuits can have multiple paths.
Series Circuits
Series Circuit- A circuit in which current follows a single path.
Parallel Circuit
Parallel Circuit- A circuit in which current follows more than one path.
Circuits convert electrical energy into other forms of energy.
Circuits are constructed for specific purposes.
Electronic technology is based on circuits.
Computer circuits process digital information.
Integrated Circuits
Computer- An electronic device that processes digital information.
Personal Computers
Computers can be linked with other computers.
The Origin of the Internet
The Internet Today
Electronics use coded information.
Digital Information
Digital- Information that is represented as numbers or digits.
Binary Code
Electronic- A device that uses electric current to represent coded information.
Binary Code- A coding system consisting of two choices.
Analog to Digital
Analog- Information that is represented in a continuous but varying form.
Charge needs a continuous path to flow.
Electric charge flows in a loop.
The Parts of a Circuit
Resistor- An electrical device that slows the flow of charge in a circuit.
Circuit- A closed path through which a continuous charge can flow.
Open and Closed Circuits
Current follows the path of least resistance.
Short Circuits
Short Circuit- An unintended path connecting one part of a circuit with another.
Grounding a Circuit
Safety devices control current.
How Fuses Work
Other Safety Devices
Magnetism
Current can produce magnetism.
Motors use electromagnets.
Motors
Uses of Motors
An electric current produces a magnetic field.
Making an Electromagnet
Electromagnet- A magnet made by placing a piece of iron or steel inside a coil of wire.
Uses of Electromagnets
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism- Magnetism that results from an electric current.
Magnetism can produce current.
Magnets are used to generate an electric current.
Generating an Electric Current
Generator- A device that converts the energy of motion, or kinetic energy, into electrical energy.
Direct and Alternating Currents
Direct Current (DC)- Electric charge that flows in one direction only. DC is produced by batteries and by DC generators such as the cell phone generator.
Alternating Current (AC)- A flow of electric charge that reverses direction at regular intervals. The current that enters your home and school is an alternating current.
Magnets are used to control voltage.
Transformer- A device that increases or decreases voltage.
Magnetism is a force that acts at a distance.
Magnets attract and repel other magnets.
Magnetic Poles
Magnetic Poles- The parts of a magnet where the magnetism is the strongest.
Magnetic Fields
Magnetic Field- The region around a magnet in which the magnet exerts force.
Magnetism
Magnet- An object that attracts certain other materials, particularly iron and steel.
Magnetism- The force exerted by a magnet.
Some materials are magnetic.
Temporary and Permanent Magnets
Inside Magnetic Materials
Magnetic Domain- A group of atoms whose magnetic fields are aligned.
Earth is a magnet.
Earth's Magnetic Field
Magnetism and the Atmosphere
Generators supply electrical energy.
Generators provide most of the world's electrical energy.
Electric Power- The rate at which electrical energy is generated from another source of energy.
Electrical power can be measured.
Watts and Kilowatts
Watt (W)- The unit of measurement for power.
Kilowatt (kW)- A unit of power equal to 1000 watts.
Calculating Energy Use
Kilowatt-hour (kWh)- Equal to one kilowatt of power for a one-hour period.