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Electricity and Magnetism - Coggle Diagram
Electricity and Magnetism
Electricity
Materials can become electrically charged
Electric charge is a property of matter
Electric charge: a property that allows an object to exert an electric force on another object without touching it
Electric field: the spacea round a particle through which an electric charge can exert this force
Static charges are cause by movement of electrons
static charge: a buildup of electric charge in an object caused by the presence of many particles with the same charge
Charging by contact
How materials affect static charging
Charging by induction
Induction: the buildup of charge without direct contact
Charge polarization
Technology uses static electricity
Charges can move from one place to another
Static charges have potential energy
Electric potential energy
Electric potential
Electric potential: the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a cartain position in an electric field
Volt: another word/term for electric potential
Charge movement
Lightning
1) Charge separation
2) Charge buildup
3) Static discharge
Materials affect charge movement
Conductors and Insulaters
conductor: a material that allows an electric charge to pass through it easily
insulator: a material that does not allow a charge to pass through
Resistance
resistance: the property of a material that determines how easily a charge can move through it
ohms: the thing that electrical resistance is measured in
Superconductors
Grounding
grounding: providing a harmless, low-resistance path for electricity to follow
Electric current is a flow of charge
Electric charge can flow continuously
Current, Voltage, and Resistance
ampere: unit of measurement for rate of charge that flows steadily
Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law: current = voltage/resistance (I = V/R)
Measuring Electricity
Electric cells supply electric current
electric cell: procuses electric current using chemical or physical properties of different materials
Electrochemical Cells
Primary Cells
Storage Cells
Solar cells
Circuits and Electronics
Charge needs a continuous path to flow
Electric charge flows in a lopp
circuit: a closed path through which a continuous charge can flow
The parts of a Circuit
1) voltage source
2) conductor
3) switch
4) electrical device
resistor: an electrical device that slows the flow of charge in a curcuit
Open and Closed circuits
Current flows the path of at least risistance
Short circuits
short circuits: an unitended path connecting one part of a circuit with another
1) functioning circuit
2) short circuit
Grounding a Circuit
Safety devices control current
How fuses work
Other Safety Devices
Circuits make electric current useful
Circuits are constructed for specific purposes
Circuits can have multiple paths
Series circuits
series ciruit: a circuit in which current follows a single path
Parallel Circuits
parallel circuit: a circuit in which current follows more than one path
Circuits convert electrical energy into other forms of energy
Electronic technology is based on circuits
Electronic use coded information
electronic device: a device that uses electric current to represent coded information
Binary Code
binary code: a coding system consisting of two choices
Digital information
digital information: information that is represented as numbers, or digits
Analog to Digital
analog information: information that is represented in a continuous but various form
Computer circuits process digital information
computer: an electronic device that processes digital information
Integrated circuits
Personal computers
1) input
2) storage
3) processing
4) output
Computer can be linked with other computers
Origin of the internet
The internet today
Magnetism