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Electricity and Magnetism - Coggle Diagram
Electricity and Magnetism
Electricity
Materials can become electrically charged
Electric charge is a property of matter
Electric charge - A property that allows an object to exert an electric force on another object without touching it
Electric field - The space around a particle through which an electric charge can exert this force
Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons
How Materials Affect Stattic Charging
Charging by Induction
Induction - The buildup of a charge without direct contact
Static charge - A buildup of electric charge in an object caused by the presence of many particles with the same charge
Charging by Contact
Charge Polarization
Technology uses static electricity
Charges can move from one place to another
Static charges have potential energy
Electric Potential Energy
Electric Potential
Electrical potential - the amt of electric potential energy per unit charge at a certain position in an electric field
Volt - the unit for electric potential. One volt is equal to one joule of energy per coulomb of charge
Charge Movement
Lightning
1. Charge Seperation
2. Charge Buildup
3. Static Discharge
Materials affect charge movement
Conductor and Insulators
Conductor - a material that allows an electric charge to pass through it easily
Insulator - A material that does not easily allow a charge to pass through it
Resistance
Resistance - The property of a material that determines how easily a charge can move through it
Ohms - the unit used to measure electrical resistance
Superconductors
Grounding
Grounding - means providing a harmless, low-resistance path--a ground--for electrciity to follow
Electric current is a flow of charge
Electric charge can flow continuously
Electric current - another name for a flow of charge
Current, Voltage, and Resistance
Ampere (amp) - the standard unit of measure for current
Ohm's Law
Ohm's law: Current = Voltage / Resitance I = V / R
Measuring Electricty
Electric cells supply electric current
Electric cells - which produces electric current using the chemical or physical properties of different materials
Electrochemical Cells
Primary Cells (pg 32)
Storage Cells (pg 32)
Solar Cells
Circuits and Electronics
Charge needs a continuous path to flow.
Electric charge flows in a loop.
Circuit - a closed path through which a continuous charge can flow
The Parts of a Circuit
3. Switch - a switch is a part of a circuit designed to break the closed path of charge
2. Conductor - a circuit must be a closed path for charge to flow. That means there has to be a conductor, like wire, that forms a connection from the voltage source to the electrical device and back
1. Voltage Source - the voltage source in a Circuit provides the electric potential for charge to flow through the circuit
4. Electrical device - an electrical device is any part of the circuit that changes electrical energy into another form of energy
Resistor - an electrical device that slows the flow of charge in a circuit
Open and Closed Circuits
Current follows the path of least resistance.
Short Circuits
Short circuit - an unintended path connecting one part of a circuit with another
1. Functioning Circuit - the charge flows through one wire, thought he light bulb, and then back through the second wire to the outlet
2. Short circuit - the cord has been damaged and two wires inside have formed a connection. Now the path of least resistance is through one wire and back thought the second wire
Grounding a Circuit
Safety devices control current.
How Fuses Work
Other Safety Devices
Circuits make electric current useful
Circuits are constructed for specific purposes
Circuits can have multiple paths
Series Circuits
Series circuit - a circuit in which current follows a single path
Parallel Circuits
Parallel Circuits - a circuit in which current follows more than one path
Circuits convert electrical energy into other forms of energy
Electronic technology is based on circuits
Electronic use coded information
Electronic (device) - is a device that uses electric current to represent coded info
Binary Code
Binary code - a coding system consisting of two choices
Digital Information
Digital (information) - information that is represented as numbers or digits
Analog to Digital
Analog (information) - information that is represented in a continuous but varying form
Computer circuits process digital information
Computer - an electronic device that processes digital info
Integrated Circuits
Personal Computers
Input
Storage
Processing
Output
Computers can be linked with other computers
The Origin of the Internet
The Internet Today
Magnetism
Magnetism is a force that acts at a distance
Magnets attract and repel other magnets
Magnet - an object that attracts certain other materials
Magnetism
Magnetism - the force exerted by a magnet
Magnetic Poles
Magnetic poles - parts of the magnet where the magnetism is the strongest
Magnetic Fields
Magnetic field - the region around a magnet in which the magnet exerts force
Some materials are magnetic
Inside Magnetic Materials
Magnetic domain - a group of atoms whose magnetic fields are aligned
Temporary and Permanent Magnets
Earth is a magnet.
Earth's Magnetic Field
Magnetism and the Atmosphere
Current can produce magnetism.
An electric current produces a magnetic field
Electromagnetism
Making an electromagnet
Uses of Electromagnets
Motors use electromagnets
Motors