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MICROBIOLOGY - Coggle Diagram
MICROBIOLOGY
Key Microbiological Practices
Hand hygiene prevents infection
PPE protects workers and patients
Sterilization and disinfection kill microbes
Isolation precautions limit spread
Waste disposal reduces contamination
Surveillance detects outbreaks
What Is Microbiology
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms
Microorganisms affect humans and the environment
Microorganisms are found everywhere
Pathogenic microbes cause disease
Beneficial microbes support normal flora, industry, and photosynthesis
Historical Figures and Discoveries
Robert Hooke discovered cells
Louis Pasteur
Disproved spontaneous generation
Developed aseptic techniques
Created pasteurization
Ignaz Semmelweis promoted handwashing
Joseph Lister used phenol as disinfectant
Robert Koch developed Koch’s Postulates
Cell Types
Prokaryotic Cells
Do not have a nucleus
Contain a circular chromosome
Lack membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cells
Have a nucleus
Contain membrane bound organelles
Have linear chromosomes
Viruses
Are acellular
Contain DNA or RNA
Require a host cell
Bacteria
Are unicellular
Can be helpful or harmful
Role of Human Behavior and Antibiotic Resistance
Poor hygiene increases infection spread
Overuse of antibiotics causes resistance
Resistance leads to re-emerging diseases
Human behavior affects disease control
Importance for Future Healthcare Career
Microbiology helps protect patients
Improves quality of care
Prevents disease
Supports safety standards
Pasteurization and Aseptic Techniques
Pasteurization reduces bacteria in food
Aseptic techniques prevent contamination
Both help control infections
Golden Eras of Microbiology
First Era
Focused on germ theory
Identified pathogens
Second Era
Studied genetics
Explained gene expression
Third Era
Focused on emerging diseases
Developed antibiotics and vaccines
Endosymbiotic Theory
Explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts
Evidence includes
Own DNA
Seventy S ribosomes
Binary fission
Germ Theory of Disease
Microorganisms cause disease
Germ theory explains how infections spread
Normal and Transient Flora
Normal Flora
Live on and in the body
Protect against harmful microbes
Transient Flora
Remain temporarily
Are removed by handwashing
Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases
Emerging diseases are newly appearing
Re-emerging diseases return due to
Antibiotic resistance
Poor public health
Importance in Healthcare
Microbiology helps healthcare workers
Prevent infections
Choose antibiotics
Collect specimens
Maintain sterile environments