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(Robinson Crusoe (1719), Daniel Defoe (1660–1731), 18th-Century Novel) -…
Robinson Crusoe (1719)
Genre
Fictional autobiography
Adventure novel
Realistic novel
Protagonist
Robinson Crusoe
Born in York
Son of middle-class parents
Desire for travel and adventure
Rebellion against parents’ wishes
Early Voyages
First sea journey
Shipwreck
Voyage to Guinea
Captured by pirates
Taken to North Africa
Escape
With slave boy
Rescued by Portuguese ship
Life in Brazil
Arrival in Brazil
Becomes plantation owner
Economic success
Shipwreck and Island
Journey to West Africa
Intention to buy workers
Shipwreck near Trinidad
Only survivor
28 years on the island
Life on the Island
Building shelter
Farming and animal breeding
Goats
Use of tools and weapons
Keeping a diary
Training a parrot
Control over environment
Cannibals and Friday
Arrival of cannibals
Rescue of a prisoner
Naming him Friday
Relationship
Master–servant
Coloniser–colonised
Teaching
English language
Christianity
Rescue and Retu
Daniel Defoe (1660–1731)
Identity
English novelist
Pamphleteer
Journalist
Middle-class background
Dissenter from the Church of England
Family and Education
Born in London (1660)
Father: butcher
Religious dissenter
Education aimed at business
Political Activity
Supporter of William III
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Political journalism
Conflict with the Tories
Tories in power (1702)
Hostility towards dissenters
The Shortest Way with the Dissenters (1703)
Satirical pamphlet
Attack on religious intolerance
Misunderstood as literal
Punishment
Fine
Imprisonment
Pillory
Journalism
The Review (1704)
One of the first modern newspapers
Political and social commentary
Further imprisonment (1713)
Political writings
Literary Career
Began writing novels at age 60 (1719)
Use of realism
Inspired by real events
Focus on individual experience
Other Works
Moll Flanders
Colonel Jack
Journal of the Plague Year
Roxana
Death
Financial difficulties
Many debts
Died in 1731 (age 70)
18th-Century Novel
Narrative Technique
First-person narration
Autobiographical form
Fictional biographies
Narrator = protagonist
Retrospective narration
Themes
Survival
Work and effort
Individualism
Social mobility
Relationship with nature
Characters
Middle-class individuals
Isolated figures
Physical isolation
Social isolation
Self-reliant
Rational and practical
Style and Language
Simple and clear language
Accessible to non-educated readers
Mix of fact and fiction
Detailed descriptions
Places
Daily activities
General Features
Rise of the novel as a genre
Middle-class readership
Moral and practical purpose
Popular Genres
Adventure novel
Epistolary novel
Written as letters
Picaresque novel
Episodic structure
Journey-based narrative