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Energy and its transformation, image - Coggle Diagram
Energy and its transformation
ENERGY SOURCES
: The energy we consume has many different uses
**INDUSTRIAL USES:
the operating of factones and companies, construction, agnculture and so on.
**HOUSEHOLD USES :
the operating of electrical appliances, heating systems, hot water systems, heat for cooking and for means of transport
Energy sources are natural resources from which we obtain different forms of energy that can be transformed for a specific use
Conventional electric power plan
:
This type of power plant produces most ot the electnctty that we use.
3.3. Hydroelectric power plants:
This type of power plant uses the potential energy provided by the height of the stored water in a dam, converting it mto kinetic energy. This energy moves the blades of the turbine
3.1. Nuclear power plants:
This type of plant includes a nuclear fission reactor that produr.es the pressunsed steam needed to move the turbme rotor.
3.2. Fossil fuel thermal power plants
Combined cycle power plant:
Electricity ts generated as a result of two combined cycles, a cycle that uses air and gas, and a conventional thermal cycle During the first cycle, a gas turbine is used that includes a compressor.
ELECTRICITY
Electricity is the most widely used form of energy in industrialised societes for two reasons
It can be transported long distances
It can be easily transformed
Electric power plants
Electric power plants are facilities where primary or secondary energy is transformed into electicity,
How an electric power plant works
The turbine converts mechanical energy into the rotating movement of a shaft
An alternator has a fixed part, called a stator, and a moving part, called a rotor, connected to the turbine shaft
Electric power plants are usually located far away from the points where the energy is used — for safety reasons, space requirements or physical and geographical considerations
We can classify energy sources in several ways:
By origin
Primary
Secondary
By use in each country
Conventional
Non-conventional
By availability in nature and capacity for regeneration
Renewable
Non-renewable
By environmental impact
Clean or non-polluting
Pollutants
Non-conventional electric power plants
disadvantage:
they generate much less energy, since they use diffuse energy sources
advantages:
they contaminate much less than conventional power plants, they use renewable sources and they reduce the energy dependence of petroleum and natural gas.
Wind power plants and wind farms:
These power plants use the kinetic energy uf the wind to move the blades of a rotor at the top of a tower, this is referred to as the wind turbine.
Solar power plants:
These plants use the energy from the sun There are two main types of installations: photo-thermal and photovoltaic power plants.In PHOTO TERMAL POWER PLANTS, heat generated by solar radiation produces steam that is used to move the rotor in the generator.
Photovoltaic power plant
: solar radiation is transformed directly into electncity by panels of photovoltaic cells.
Geothermal power plants:
use the heat found at deep levels in the earth.Geothermal energy may be used directly
Biomass thermal power plants
:consists of all organic compounds that are produced through natural processes They may come from the following sources.Forestry and agricultural waste, Specific crops, such as sunflowers and cougar beet, kyraste from agri-food industries.Biomass Is sublected to different physical and chemical processes m order to produce fuel such as charcoal, alcohol or biogas. This type of fuel Is burnt at biomass power plants. The steam that is generated moves the turbine.
Ocean power plants: use the energy from the seas and the oceans. Are three types of energy from the sea. The mechanical energy from the tides. • The mechanical energy from the waves. • The energy from the ocean's thermal gradient.
ENVIROMENTAL IMPACTS
Environmental impacts
Fuel transport:
Oil is transported by means of oil pipelines and oil tankers.
Electricity generation
hydroelectric power plants
require water reservoirs covening large areas
Conventional thermal power plants
: can cause numerous problems and environmental hazards.
Final energy use
: fuels we use in vehicles and heating systems emit gases and particles similar to those generated by conventional thermal power plants.
Extraction of natural resources:
The exploitation of fossil fuels and nuclear power means the depletion of resources, which makes it necessary to find new ones
Waste treatment
To reduce the waste generated by thermal power plants, as well as their effects, several measures can be taken
Waste from nuclear power plants is stored in drums with thick sides that do not let the nuclear radiation escape These are then stored in ocean trenches and underground.
Environmental impact assessment
: As part of a technical proiect, it's mandatory to carry out an environmental impact assessment to find out what changes it would provoke in the environment
Some solutions
