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WW2 and SCW - Coggle Diagram
WW2 and SCW
SCW LONG TERM CAUSES
REGIONALISM: The Basque country and the Catalonian region wanted independence
- They had industrial and economic value do to their textile industries
- Protested, suppressed with violence
-No sense of belonging or nationalism
-Different dialect
No spanish identity
POLITICAL: Liberalists had remained a political force throughout the twenties
- Socialists had a trade union (UGT)
-After 1917 a small communist party is formed
- Anarchists were a major party (no belief in power or gov)
- Popular in rural areas
FAI: carried out bombings and executions
SOCIAL: Constitutional monarchy, 2 main parties: conservatives and liberals
-Brutal and strong army
-Catholic church is very strong --> influence on econ and education system
-Army brutal and strong
-Made up of the upper class and aristocracy
Opposed by the middle class
ECONOMIC: Agricultural and seasonal economy, therefore inefficient
- No independence of farmers
-Struggle to survive and low living standards
Stark division between the rich and the poor
-Frequent riots --> people began to turn to anarchist groups, who demanded the redistribution of land
-Spain needed modernisation
SCW SHORT-TERM CAUSES
1933 ELECTIONS (CEDA): Brought Ceda, a rightist party to power
- Reversed manyy leftist reforms such as land and public spending --> people became unhappy (widespread strikes and uprising)
-Workers alienated, as well as thoes who had hoped for long term reforms
AUSTRIAS UPRISING 1934: miners organize a strike with the help of leftist party PSOE
- 1300 people killed, also civilian casualties
-Crushed by and army led by general Fransisco Franco
-Radicalised left
-Strengthened the right's fear of revolution
-Increased tension
FALL OF THE MONARCHY 1930: Primo de rivera resigns and King Alfonso appointed a replacement
- Political opposition inflamed because the gen election was postponed
-Monarchy was greatly damaged
- Second Spanish republic established in April 1931
1936 ELECTIONS IN FEBRUARY AND THE MURDER OF JOSE SOTELO
- Right wing collapses
-Cortes parliament collapses
-Popular front win the elections
-Right wing opposition rises
-Monarchist Jose Sotelo is murdered (rightist, strong critic of the republican government)
-Seen as an attack, right calls for a revolution
-Justification for a military uprising
-Launched by general Emilio Mola and Fransisco Franco
WW2 LONG TERM CAUSES
1919 TREATY OF VERSAILLES - treaty between the victors of ww1
- Hashed out post-war terms
- Germans must repay 6.6 billion in reparations
- Caused economic hardship
- Economic loss also due to loss of territories
- Empire dismantled
- Germany disarmed
- Rhineland demiliratized
ECONOMIC CRISIS - Hyper inflation and the Great depression
- 1923 invasion of the Ruhr caused hyperinflation (germans couldn't make the monthly payment
- Economic dependence on the US began with the dawes plan
- 1929: Great Depression / Wall street crash
- Unemployment rose to 12 million in Germany
- Global inflation and strain on trade
- Fear of communism increased, led to the rise of radical politics
Extremist parties such as the nazi party were seen as a solution to internal issues
RISE OF THE NAZI PARTY: 31st January 1933 Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany
- Seen as a solution to socio-economic internal issues
- AIMS: restore order and pride, lebensraum, expansionist fp, rearmament, defiance of TOV
-1935: Naval pact with Britain defied TOV and broke the Stresa front
- Directly defied TOV
- Use of charisma to manipulate situations
APPEASEMENT: Britain and France allowed Germany some expansion to avoid war
- ToV was deemed as harsh and some concessions were made
- 1936: B and F did not stop the rimilitarization of the Rhineland (F was stronger at this point)
- Sept 1938: Munich agreement - B and F allowed the annexation of the Sudetenland in hopes of securing peace
- March 1939: Invasion of Czechoslovakia, proving the failure of appeasement
- F army could have responded
- Fear of communism led to this
- Appeasement ended with the invasion of Poland, prompting B and F to declare war
- Why did it fail? fear of war, economic hardship, underestimation of Hitler
WW2 SHORT TERM CAUSES
ANSCHLUSS WITH AUSTRIA 1938 - defiance of Treaty of Versailles
- Hitler annexed Austria without military opposition
- Direct violation
- Made Hitler more confident to expand Nazi territory
- Reinforced an ex long-lasting alliance of the past
INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA POST MUNICH AGREEMENT, 1938 - Post Munich agreement in which the Sudetenland was given as a concession to nazi Germany. - Showed Hitler's real ambitions (conquer not union) - Then F and B abbandoned appeasement as it was seen as a faliure, and decided to protect the people of poland if they were to be attacked
NAZI SOVIET PACT: AUGUST 1939 - Non-aggression treaty between Molotov and Rippentrop. This way, Hitler would avoid for himself a two front war, poland was to be secretly divided between them. Like this, Hitler was able to invade poland without soviet intervention. War was inevitable because of beliefs, but the pact gave stalin more time to prepare Russia for war.
INVASION OF POLAND: 1ST SEPTEMBER 1939 Through the use of blitzkrieg tactics, poland was invaded by nazi germany. This was the final straw for britain and france and on september 3rd 1939 they declared war on germany. WW2 had officially begun.
WW2 PRACTICES OF WAR
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Battle of Stalingrad
July 1942-1943: Germans were advancing as they wanted to reach the oil fields in Ukrain. The city of Stalingrad was occupied by German and Soviet troops. The soviets needed to resist to not cut their oil supply. USe of urban guerrilla tactics such as surprise attacks and encirclement allowed the Soviets to resist. Turning point of the war --> germany could not sustain a two front war and began their retreat.
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