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Biology - Monoclonal Antibodies - Coggle Diagram
Biology - Monoclonal Antibodies
Identical Antibodies
Antibodies are produced by B-lymphocytes (WBC)
Monoclonal antibodies
produced from a single clone of cells
specific to one binding site
target specific cell /chemical
bind to one type of antigen
How they are Made
mouse in injected with certain antigen
produced specific antibodies needed
lymphocytes cannot divide easily (mitosis)
B-lymphocytes removed from mouse
fused with tumour cells (myeloma)
tumour cells divide quickly
form hybridoma cells
produce antibody and divide rapidly
cloned to get lots of identical cells
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Uses
Pregnancy Tests
hormone (hCG) found in urine when pregnant
Monoclonal antibodies attached to end of stick
when a pregnant person urinates on test
hCG binds to antibodies
causes strip to change colour
Labs and Research to find specific substances
Bind to hormones and other chemicals in blood to measure
levels
Test blood samples in labs for certain
pathogens
Locate specific
molecules
on cell or tissue
fluorescent dye is bound to antibody
location is visible under light
Treat Diseases
Cancer
cancer cells have antigens on cell membranes that aren’t found on body cells
tumour markers
lab - make monoclonal antibodies that bind to tumour markers
radioactive substance, toxic drug or chemical that stops cancer cells growing and dividing
can be attached to antibody
used to deliver substance directly to cancer cells without harming other cells in body
Side Effects
of antibody based drug are lower than chemotherapy / radiotherapy
more than originally expected
fever
vomitting
low blood pressure
not as widely used