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Energy - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Abundant and inexhaustible
    - - May or may not be abundant
      - Depleted when we use them up
      - Cannot be renewed in a short penod of time
  - - - Obtained directly from nature
    - - Resulting from transformation of pnmary sources
  - - - Most commonly used in mdustrialised countnes
    - - Alternauve energy source
      - In early stages of their technological development
      - Solar and wind power belong to this group
  - - - Low environmental impact
      - Don't generate by-products that pollute the
        environment
    - - Sources that have negative effects on the environment,
        for example, they might generate by-products that severly polute the enviroment
- - - - The exploitation of fossil fuels and nuclear power means the depletion of resources, which makes it necessary to find new ones
    - - Oil is transported by means of oil pipelines and oil tankers.
    - - La r gehydroelectric power plants require water reservoirs covennarge areas, which protoundly change the natural cycle of overs flood large land areas and destroy ecosystems, in addition tomcreasing the nsk of accidents.
      - onventional thermal power plants can cause numerous problems
        and environmental hazards.
        
        Th ey produceair pollution — suspended particles, CO, heavy
        metal molecules and so on.
        
        They emit large amounts of COa which increases rhe greenhouse
        effect.
        
        Th ey emit sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide that causeacid
        rain, which is very harmful to the environme
        
        he water used in the cooling system is returned to ihe environmem
        while it'ssull warm, which affects both animal and plant life
      - N u clear thermal power plantsare accompanied by the nsk ofnuclear accidents and the problem of nuclear waste, some of which remam dangerous for thousands of years
    - - Thc fuels we use in vehicles and heating systems emit gases and
        part«.les similar to those generated by convenuonal thermal power plants
  - - - In stall specialfilters on the pipes at the power plant to capture some of the gas pollutants
      - Use coal with a low sulphur content, to reduce acid rain
      - Ma intain and increase the size of large forested areas, since they absorb carbon dioxide.
  - - - energy effiaency policies increase effiaency of everyday appliances and devices
    - - use of renewable energy sources
        is fundamental
    - - essenual to reduce the consumption of ag forms of energy —without seriously affecting quality of life
- - - - The turbine converts mechanical energy into the rotating movement of a shaft
        
        An alternator has a fixed part, called a stator, and a moving part,
        called a rotor, connected to the turbine shaft
        
        As the rotor shah moves, alternating electrical current is produced on each of the stator's coils
    - - Nuclear power plants
        
        This type of plant tm.ludes a nuclear fission reactor that produces the pressunsed steam needed to move the turbme rotor.
      - Fossil fuel thermal power plants
        
        At this type of power plant, water is heated in a boiler by the heat
        generated from the combustion of a fossil fuel, usually natural gas or coal
      - Combined cycle power plan
        
        electricity is generated as a result of two combined cycles, a cycle that uses air and gas, and a conventional thermal cycle During the first cycle,a gas turbine is used that includes a compressor.
      - Hydroelectric power plants
        
        This type of power plant uses the potential energy provided by the height of the stored water in a dam, converting it mto kinetic energy. Tlus energy moves the blades of the turbine
    - - Wind power plants and wind farms
        
        These power plants use the kinetic energy uf the wind to move
        the blades of a rotor at the top of a tower, this is referred to as the
        wind turbine.
      - Solar power plants
        
        These plants use the energy from the sun There are
        bnes two main types of instaflations: photo-thermal and photovoltaic power plants.
      - Geothermal power plants
        
        These plants use the heat found at deep levels in the earth. This heat may reach the surface in the form of steam, gases or hot water
        
        eothermal energy may be used directly —for hot water and heatingindustnal use and so on — and indirectly —the heat generates steam, which produces electricity.
      - Biomass thermal power plants
        
        Biomass consists of all organic compounds that are produced through natural processes They may come from the following sources
      - Ocean power plant
        
        hese power plants use the energy from the seas and the oceans. The concept is to use three types of energy from the sea.
        
        the mechanical energy from thetides
        
        The mechanical energy from the wave
        
        The energy from the ocean's thermal gradient.
  - - - Increasing the voltage to 220 000 V or 400 000 V to prevent energy loss, due to the Joule effect
        
        Transporting it by high voltage cable attached to tower
        
        Decreasing the voltage at the electncity substations to 3-30 kV
        
        Distribution to homes, offices, industnes and public faolities. During this srage, the voltage is reduced to 230-400 V.