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BBK 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 1) Identification— of phenomenon to be described
        2) Description— of parts, qualities, features or examples
    - - The author describes a topic, person, place or thing by listing a
        collection of its features or examples — gives additional information about what a person, place or thing is like
  - - - 1) Listing—the order of steps/actions in a process or event from
        first
  - - - 1) Introduction— of topics to be compared/contrasted
        2) Comparison— list similarities the topics share
        3) Contrast— list differences that distinguish the topics
  - - - 1) Introduction— of initial event that triggers subsequent events
        2) Description— of what/how consequences occurred as a result
- - - - Definition: Something relating to particular
        region or neighbourhood
      - Example: A newspaper that reports on and stories events in the local community, like Paisley Daily Express, Kilmarnock Standard or Dumfries & Galloway Standard
    - - A UK newspaper, like the Times or the Guardian.
      - Definition: Something relating to a single nation
    - - Whole world Large news outlets, such as BBC or CNN, that cover news around the world for a global audience.
      - Definiton: Something relating to the whole world
  - - - First sentence
        
        Your first sentence should and describe what happened as accurately as possible.
      - Use of Paragraphs
        
        Paragraphs are a collection of sentences.
        
        They are used in writing to introduce new sections of a story, characters or pieces of information.
        
        Paragraphs help readers to enjoy what has been written because they break text up into easy-to-read sections.
        
        Use your fact-finding notes to give your reader more detail about what happened.
      - How to use quotes
        
        You might want to add quotes from your witnesses using quotation marks or inverted commas
      - Use of a formal tone
        
        You should use third-person pronouns like 'he', 'she', 'it' or 'they', not first-person pronouns like 'I'.
        
        Write in a formal style of writing
        
        You can include images to show what happened, places or people involved.
        
        Print newspapers and magazines usually have a traditional layout for news article called columns.
        
        If your news article is online, you won’t need columns but you will still need to write in paragraphs
    - - What reporters would do
        
        A good reporter will start by finding out the facts. Once you have found an interesting or exciting story, start to write up some notes outlining the key facts.
      - Five 'W' Questions
        
        What happened? For example, a burglary or a marathon event.
        
        When did the event take place? For example, in the morning or in the summer.
        
        Who was involved? For example, the burglar or runners.
        
        Where did it happen? For example, a house in the woods or in a busy city.
        
        Why did it happen? For example, someone was hungry or holding an event for charity.
    - - Key words & Examples
        
        For example: 'When he won the tennis match he became a national hero.'
        
        international – For example: 'The football team had four international players.'
        
        accurately – For example: 'The shopkeeper accurately counted out the change.'
        
        suspect – For example: 'The suspect has dark hair, brown eyes and wears red glasses.'
        
        witnesses – For example: 'We asked who saw the car chase and three witnesses have come forward.'
        
        opinion – For example: 'The opinion of the class was that salt and vinegar was the tastiest crisp.'
- - - - Definition
        
        Narrates an
        event/story with
        characters,
        setting, conflict,
        point of view, and
        plot
      - Transitions
        
        Descriptive language
      - Questions
        
        • Who is the narrative
        about?
        • Where is it set?
        • What is the conflict?
        • Who is telling the
        narrative?
        • What is happening?
    - - Description
        
        Present ideas or
        events in the
        order in
        which they
        happen
      - Transitions
        
        • First, second, third
        • later
        • next
        • before
        • then
        • finally
        • after/later
        • when
        • since
        • now/previously
        • actual use of dates
      - Questions
        
        • What items, events, or
        steps are listed?
        • Do they have to/always
        happen in this order?
        • What sequence of
        events is being
        described?
        • What are the major
        incidents that occur?
        • How is this structure
        revealed in the text?
    - - Cause and Effect
        
        Definition
        
        Provide
        explanations
        or reasons for
        phenomena
        
        Transitions
        
        • if/then
        • reasons why
        • as a result
        • therefore
        • because
        • consequently
        • since
        • so that
        • for
        • due to
        
        Questions
        
        • What happened?
        • Why did it happen?
        • What caused it to
        happen?
      - Problem/
        Solution
        
        Definition
        
        Identify problems
        and pose solutions
        
        Transitions
        
        • problem is
        • dilemma is
        • if/then
        • because
        • so that
        • question/answer
        • puzzle is solved
        
        Questions
        
        • What is the problem?
        • Why is this a problem?
        • Is anything being done to
        try to solve the problem?
        • What can be done to
        solve the problem?
      - Compare and
        Contrast
        
        Definiton
        
        Discuss two
        ideas, events, or
        phenomena,
        showing how
        they are different and
        how they are
        similar
        
        Transitions
        
        • However/yet
        • nevertheless
        • on the other hand
        • but/where as
        • similarly
        • although
        • also/likewise
        • in contrast/comparison
        • different
        • either/or
        • in the same way/just as
        
        Questions
        
        • What items are being
        compared?
        • In what ways are they
        similar? Different?
        • What conclusion does
        the author reach about
        these items?
        • What conclusion does
        the author reach about
        these items?
      - Definition or
        Description
        
        Definition
        
        Describes a topic
        by listing
        characteristics,
        features,
        attributes, and
        examples
        
        Transitions
        
        • for example
        • characteristics
        • for instance
        • such as
        • including
        • to illustrate
        
        Questions
        
        • What are the most
        important
        characteristics?
        • How is it being described
        (what does it look like,
        how does it work, etc.)?
        • What is important to
        remember about it?
- - - - Writing a news report is not only presenting information articulately but providing it more concisely, informing readers quickly and clearly. Writing a news report can be learned by following the rules or tips enumerated in this article. This article explains how a reporter or a journalist must be careful in delivering the information. The information deals with adapting the Pyramid Structure, and prioritization of information including facts, statements, reliable sources, quotes, or evidence in a straightforward manner, building trustworthiness and credibility. Let’s learn how to deliver an accurate and concise news report.
    - - A news report is a factual and structured account of recent events or developments. These are primarily published in newspapers, online news sites, or broadcast on television and radio. The primary purpose of a news report in any form is to inform the public of noteworthy or significant occurrences. This report allows readers to get updated or upgraded with information about local, national, and global issues.
    - - The news report must deliver a complete understanding of an event or an occurrence with a structure to answer the five W’s i.e. what, who, when, where, why, and how. This structure provides a well-rounded story informing readers with clarity and conciseness. Here is a breakdown of each part contributing to an impactful, effective, and reliable news report.
    - - Accurate – Information must be factual and verified.
      - Objective – Reports must be objective with no bias or partial opinion.
      - Clarity – The language used to communicate the information must facilitate easy understanding.
      - Relevant – The focus on news must affect or raise interest within the public.
    - - A headline should be concise and eye-catching which draws readers to the article.
      - A strong headline uses active language to highlight the story’s significance or agenda.
      - It has the effect of encapsulating the essence of news or story in a few words.
      - A good headline must capture the reader’s interest and encourage them to read further.
    - - The byline refers to the reporter’s name and the publication date.
      - This attributes authorship and context to the story, providing transparency by identifying who reported the news, and adding credibility.
      - This helps to understand its relevance and timeliness by ensuring readers know when information was published.
    - - The body elaborates the additional details like codes relevant to resources, relevant sources, supporting facts, or background information.
      - The body provides context helping readers to see the significance and deepening the understanding of why and how.
      - This additional information present in the body enriches the report with credibility and varied perspectives.
      - The body always makes a more comprehensive part of the news report.
    - - The conclusion is a wrap-up of the whole report, adding additional insights into the future implications of the story.
      - This leaves the reader with a clear understanding of the story’s impact or upcoming developments.
      - This outlines the question of what can be expected next, such as planned responses or investigations.
      - The conclusion can hook the audience to await further news reports of the same news.
    - - Keep the news report grounded with verified and unbiased information.
      - Stick to the facts to ensure a clear and truthful account of events.
      - Avoid speculation, assumptions, or personal opinions which can mislead the readers.
      - Use accurate and fact-based reporting to build trust and credibility with the audience.
      - Always cross-check your resources and verify data to avoid errors.
      - Keep in mind that minor accuracies can damage a publication’s reputation and can affect public perception.
    - - Keep the news report filled with an active voice, which adds clarity and immediacy.
      - Active voice keeps the report more dynamic and engaging. It emphasizes who or what acted.
      - Active voice conveys information clearly and quickly.
      - Active voice reduces unnecessary words and keeps sentences concise maintaining the reporter’s readability.
    - - Use simple language and sentence structure to engage readers easily.
      - State the key points in a jargon-free structure.
      - Avoid sophisticated words or lengthy descriptions while explaining the core information.
      - Be mindful that readers look for quick and accessible insights with straightforward language.
      - Ensure even the complicated information is presented in a digestible format without overwhelming the reader.
    - - Opinions or Bias – News requests must be factual and objective without personal opinions or biased language by maligning the credibility or neutrality
      - Unsupported Claims – Unsupported claims or statements weaken the report’s trustworthiness and credibility
      - Speculation or Assumptions – News reports should stick to what is confirmed based on reliable sources rather than speculating with no strong or reasonable base.
      - Inaccurate or Incomplete Information – Without double-checking facts or figures before publishing, inaccuracies can damage a journalist’s reputation and misinform the public.
      - Misquoting Sources – Misquoting reliable sources can distort the message and harm credibility along with creating trustworthy issues with the sources.
      - Overloading with Unnecessary Details – Be straight, clear, concise, and objective while presenting information, but overloading with unnecessary details can take away the core points of the main story.
      - Lack of Context – Including information or content without relevant context can make readers unfamiliar with the topic and distract them from the core story.
      - Poor Grammar or Spelling Errors – Proofread thoroughly to avoid grammar and spelling errors as they can distract readers from the main story and a report may appear unprofessional.
      - Omitting the Key Details – Ensure 5 Ws in HOW are covered in the whole story without leaving the reader with incomplete information.
      - Failing to Update – Update or correct any errors promptly to maintain accuracy and public trust when new information emerges
    - - Checklist before publishing
        
        Verify facts, ensuring the statistics and totes are accurate, and double-check the names, dates, and locations for correctness.
        
        Confirm the 5 W’s and how, and leave a paragraph and throughout the body to ensure the information is accurate.
        
        Check for clarity to ensure coherence and that the information flows logically throughout.
        
        Proofread for grammar and spelling errors, which can disarm readers and undermine the credibility of the information.
        
        Ensure objectivity throughout the information, that is neutral and free from personal opinions or biases.
        
        Evaluate the pyramid structure before publishing it.
        
        Avoid unnecessary jargon or sophisticated language, which makes it hard for the readers to understand the information.
        
        Update the information when new information emerges while writing the report or editing it with current facts and developments.
        
        Include attributions to add credibility and transparency to the report, to create trustworthiness with the readers.
        
        Ensure you follow the publication guidelines or regulations for publishing it.
        
        Formatting and Structure of a News Report
        
        The news report should be formatted with a clear and logical flow to enhance the reader’s ability to follow the essential facts and context. Each element of the structure should serve a specific purpose in addressing the facts, information, and conclusion in a logical and digestible manner.