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Emergence & Behaviour - how complex behaviour can arise from simple…
Emergence & Behaviour - how complex behaviour can arise from simple rules and interactions
What is Emergence?
When simple agents following simple rules produce complex group behaviour
Key Properties of Emergence
No central control
Not explicitly programmed
Comes from local interactions
Develops over time
Emergence Behaviour
Behaviour of the group that no single agent is programmed to do
Simple Rules
Each agent follows basic instructions
Move forward
Avoid obstacles
Stay close to neighbours
Follow basic signals
Agents
Individual entities in the system (robots, animals, software agents)
Have limited intelligence
Act independently
Follow simple rules
No knowledge of global goal
Interactions
How agents affect their surroundings and each other
Local actions create Global Patterns
Small individual actions combine into large patterns
Unplanned but organised structures
Group patterns emerge
Examples in Nature
Ant colonies
- labour division
Bird flocks
- coordinated flight
Bee hives
- role allocation
Swarm Behaviour
Many simple agents acting together as a group
Conway's Game of Life
The Four Rules
Underpopulation
- cell dies
Overpopulation
- cell dies
Survival
- cell lives
Reproduction
-new cell is born
Patterns
Oscillators
Gliders
Stable structures
Famous example of artificial emergence
Self-Organisation
System organises itself without external control
Flocking/Steering Behaviours
swarm movement rules
Separation
- avoid crowding neighbours
Alignment
- match direction of neighbours
Cohesion
-move towards the group
Cellular Automata Applications
Grid-based systems where simple cell rules create complex patterns
Each cell follows simple rules (alive or dead)
Depends on neighbours only
Complex patterns emerge over time
Applications
Traffic simulation
Biological modelling