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MPU3323: Integrity & Anti Corruption CH1, Ch1: continue - Coggle…
MPU3323: Integrity & Anti Corruption CH1
Definition of Corruption
Corruption is a behaviour of public officials which deviates from accepted norms in order to serve private ends.
Characteristics of Corruption:
1. Corruption involves a violation of duties or obligations. These may or may not be legally specified.
2. The obligation to serve a party can be direct or indirect.
3. Any public or private agent may be engaged in corrupt acts.
4. Corruption can be restricted to the actors directly involved in the exchange or may deal with complex patterns where several hierarchical levels participate.
5. One who induces corruption in another to obtain a benefit for himself or his client is also corrupt.
Cause & Effects
Causes
I.First is due to greed of money, power, luxury or any other materialistic desires.
II.Second is due to higher levels of market and political monopolization.
III.Third is due to low levels of democracy, weak civil participation and low political transparency.
IV.Fourthly is due to higher levels of bureaucracy and inefficient administrative structures.
V.Fifthly is due to low press freedom and internet access.
VI.Sixthly is due to poverty.
VII.Seventhly is due to low levels of education.
Effects
I.As the effect it can bring to the society, when corruption become so rampant people will start to disregard the individual involved in corruption and started to talk negatively about the individual.
II.As the effects corruption can bring to the nation economy includes a decrease in foreign investment into the country.
Definition of Integrity
Defines integrity as the principle of being principled, practicing what one preaches regardless of emotional or social pressure and not allowing any irrational consideration to overwhelm one’s rational convictions.
Pillars of integrity
1.Executive branch of government
2.Judiciary
3.Public sector
4.Law enforcement
5.Electoral management body
6.Ombudsman
7.Audit institution
Ch1: continue
National Integrity System (NIS)
NIS1: Public Sector Anti-Corruption Strategies
NIS2: Watchdog Agencies
NIS3: Public Participation and the Democratic Process
NIS4: Public Awareness and the Role of Civil Society
NIS5: Accountability of the Judicial Process
NIS6: Role of the Media
NIS7: The Role of the Private Sector
NIS8: International Cooperation
Principles of public life
B) Integrity
C) Objectivity
D) Accountability
E) Openness
F) Honesty
G) Leadership
A) Selflessness
Factors Affecting Integrity
The role of leadership
A central intergrity actor helps
Balancing strategies and excluding no one
Reflecting on effectiveness
Placing integrity on the agenda.
List of high risk job for corruption
Transportation and Storage
Extractive Industries
Investing and Finance
Construction
Corrupt Mindset Definition
Corrupt behaviour and attitudes can have a significant impact on one's mental health and well-being.