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MPU3323: Integrity and Anti-corruption Chapter 1 - Coggle Diagram
MPU3323: Integrity and Anti-corruption Chapter 1
Definition of Corruption:
Corruption is a behaviour of public officials which deviates from accepted norms in order to serve private ends.
Corruption is the miuse of public power for private profit.
Characteristics of Corruption
The obligation to serve a party can be direct of indirect.
Any public or private agent may be engaged in corrupt acts.
Corruption invovles a violation fo duties or obligation. These may or may not be legally specified.
Corruption can be restricted to the actors directly involved in the exchange or may deal with complex patterns where several hierarchical levels participate.
One who induces corruption in another to obtain a benefit for himself or his client is also corrupt.
Cause & Effects:
Causes
First is due to greed of money, power, luxury or any other materialistic desires.
Second is due to higher levels of market and political monopolization
Third is due to low levels of democracy, weak civil participation and low political transparency.
Fourthly is due to higher levels of bureaucracy and inefficient administrative structures.
Fifthly is due to low press freedom and internet access.
Sixthly is due to poverty.
Seventhly is due to low levels of education.
Efffects
I.As the effect it can bring to the society, when corruption become so rampant people will start to disregard the individual involved in corruption and started to talk negatively about the individual.
As the effects corruption can bring to the nation economy includes a decrease in foreign investment into the country
Definition off Integrity
Integrity as a morally neutral term is commonly known as the philosophy of objectivism. Objectivism holds that reality exists as an objective absolute and is independent of human feelings, wishes and hopes or fears.
Defines integrity as the principle of being principled, practicing what one preaches regardless of emotional or social pressure and not allowing any irrational consideratin to overwhelm one's rational convictions.
Pillars of Integrity
Low enforcement
Electorsl management body
Public sector
Ombudsman
Judiciary
Audit institution
Executive branch of government