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MPU3323 CHP1 Introduction to Corruption and Anti-Corruption - Coggle…
MPU3323 CHP1
Introduction to Corruption and Anti-Corruption
Definition of Corruption
a behaviour of public officials which deviates from accepted norms in order to serve private ends
misuse of public power for private profit
abuse of entrusted public power for private gain
an action to secretly provide a good or service to a third party which benefit the corrupt, a third party, or both
Causes and effect
Causes
higher levels of bureaucracy and inefficient administrative structures.
low press freedom and internet access.
low levels of democracy, weak civil participation and low political transparency.
poverty.
higher levels of market and political monopolization.
low levels of education.
greed of money, power, luxury or any other materialistic desires.
Effect
society, when corruption become so rampant people will start to disregard the individual involved in corruption and started to talk negatively about the individual.
nation economy includes a decrease in foreign investment into the country.
Definition of Integrity
a personal quality of fairness that we all aspire to, unless you're a dishonest, immoral scoundrel, of course
doing the right thing in a reliable way
Pillars of Integrity
Ombudsman
Audit institution
Electoral management body
Anti-corruption agencies
Law enforcement
Political parties
Public sector
Media
Judiciary
Civil society
Executive branch of government
Business
Legislative branch of government
Characteristics of Corruption
Any public or private agent may be engaged in corrupt acts.
Corruption can be restricted to the actors directly involved in the exchange or may deal with complex patterns where several hierarchical levels participate.
obligation to serve a party can be direct or indirect
One who induces corruption in another to obtain a benefit for himself or his client is also corrupt.
involves a violation of duties or obligations - may / may not be legally specified