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Persistence vs. Change: The Battle of Ideas, . - Coggle Diagram
Persistence vs. Change: The Battle of Ideas
The Battle over the Market (Laissez-Faire vs. Regulation)
The Old/Defense: Natural Law & Liberty
Lochner v. New York
"The general right to make a contract in relation to his business is part of the liberty of the individual protected by the Fourteenth Amendment."
Key Concept: The state cannot interfere in the private deal between boss and worker.
William Graham Sumner, What Social Classes Owe to Each Other
Key Concept: Society is based on Contract, not Status. The state should not force the "Forgotten Man" to pay for social schemes.
Andrew Carnegie, "Bugaboo of Trusts"
Key Concept: Trusts are temporary; the laws of supply and demand are "panaceas" that naturally fix markets.
The New/Intervention: The Administrative State
Charles Francis Adams Jr., "Chapters of Erie"
Key Concept: "Necessary Monopolies" (railroads) are too big for natural law. We need new expert commissions/tribunals to regulate them.
The Omaha Platform
The conflict between Property Rights vs. Public Welfare.
Key Concept: The government must own the railroads to break the power of the elites.
The Battle for the Workplace (Control & Efficiency)
The New/Radical: Full Solidarity Among Workers
Eugene V. Debs, "Craft Unionism"
Key Concept: Old craft unions are obsolete. All workers must unite to overthrow the wage system.
"The old trade union has not only fulfilled its mission and outlived its usefulness, but that it is now positively reactionary... we have organized... for the purpose of uniting the working class."
The Old/Reactionary: Degradation of Labor
Florence Kelley, "The Sweating System"
Key Concept: Use of "leg-power" in tenements is a step backward from factories, creating disease and poverty.
David Montgomery, "Workers' Control"
Key Concept: Scientific Management (Taylorism) strips workers of their autonomy and centralizes knowledge in the boss's hand.
Connection to Lochner Case: Courts say workers are equal negotiators; Management science ensures they are powerless cogs.
The Strategic Compromise: Industrial Paternalism
Andrew Carnegie, "Interests of Labour and Capital"
Key Concept: Sliding scales and libraries. He accepts the "New" giant factory system but uses "Old" paternalism to prevent radicalization (like Debs).
The Battle over Status (Race & Empire)
The New Frontier: Expansion
Albert Beveridge, "March of the Flag"
Key Concept: Economic necessity drives the US to look outward for global markets (Imperialism).
Beveridge expansion into global markets is justified by Carnegies demand for free trade and expansion of supply and demand.
Shall the American people continue their resistless march toward the commercial supremacy of the world?... Shall we occupy new markets for what our farmers raise?
The Old Reality: Persistent Oppression
Theodore Rosengarten, All God’s Dangers: The Life of Nate Shaw
Theory vs. Reality: Sumner says men are free to contract; Shaw shows they are not.
Key Concept: Peonage. Despite the Civil War, the "Old" system of slavery morphed into sharecropping. He is a "free man" but trapped by "old back yonder-ism."
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