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Geography Chapt 7 - Coggle Diagram
Geography Chapt 7
Providing safe housing
housing refers to structures or buildings constructed to shelter people from weather elements such as extremely high or low temperatures and rains + places fir rest and social gathering
in the past, Sg faced the problem of inadequate and low quality housing due to high rates of migration and overpopulation
to address these challenges, the Sg improvement trust and later the HDB were set up to build affordable public housing for the masses
today more than 80% of the population live in good quality public housing surrounded by many amenities
when housing supply is insufficient or too expensive, people may resort to building their homes on locations without obtaining permission
referred to as squatter settlements and they can be found in unsafe locations such as steep slopes along railway tracks
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Functions
Shading
Apart from trees, sheltered bus stops and covered walk ways are installed to provide shade and shield from the rain
Transport
Use of public transport, cycling and walking help reduce the heat production from the transport sector
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Water pollution
water supplies in cities often affected by improper management of household and industrial waste due to inadequate or broken sewage systems
waste is disposed directly or leaked into water ways, water quality ultimately reduced
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land resources
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land area insufficient
cities expand towards rural areas, replacing forests and farmlands or levelling hills
parts of current city could be rebuilt to use land more intensively such as by replacing low lying buildings with taller ones
competition for land also causes unhappiness when existing residents are relocated to make way for new buildings for other uses
What are cities
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Acc to United Nations, percentage of worlds population living in cities should be from 50% in 2007 to 60% in 2030
Air pollution
use of coal to generate electricity, high volume of vehicular traffic and emission from factories
prolonged exposure to air pollution can lead to respiratory infection, lung cancer, heart disease and even death
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land use planning
making decisions on how land resources will be used for various purposes such as housing, recreation and transport
planning agencies may disallow some of these construction in unsafe locations. to prevent hazards from occurring
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traffic crossings
traffic warnings on the ground on the two sides of traffic crossings aid the visually handicapped and elderly pedestrians
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management of hazards
hazards are events that have a negative impact on people and the physical and built environment and economy
human induced hazards arise from human actions or inactions such as ignoring safety regulations/warnings (eg fire, oil spill and industrial accidents)
Natural hazards arise from processes in the physical environment (eg earthquakes, volcano eruptions and tsunamis)
impt and urgent to find sustainable ways to manage hazards in cities - can turn into disasters that cause damage to people and buildings)
The impact from hazards increases greatly through cities large population size, high population density and widespread built up areas
if not managed properly, the human costs of injuries and death as well as the economic costs of rebuilding as a result of hazards can be very high
improve quality of life
refers to persons well being, which is affected by several factors eg physical and mental health, level of independence and relationship
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