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Biology - Fighting Disease - Coggle Diagram
Biology - Fighting Disease
Defence System
Skin
barrier to pathogens
antimicrobial substances to kill
Nose
hairs and mucus trap particles
Trachea and bronchi
mucus to trap
cilia
back of throat
swallowed
Stomach
hydrochloric acid
White Blood Cells
Consuming them
engulf foreign cells and digest them
phagocytosis
Producing Antibodies
foreign antigen
produce antibodies
lock onto invading cells
found and destroyed
natually immune
Produce Antitoxins
invade bacteria
Phagocytes
engulf
Lymphocytes
neutralise effects of pathogens
Vaccination
injecting dead or inactive pathogens
carry antigens
antibodies to attack
if live pathogens attack
wbc mass-produce antibodies
less likely to get ill
Pros
control communicable diseases
outbreaks can be prevented
Cons
don’t always give immunity
bad reaction
Herd immunity
high % of population vaccinated
reduces spread
reduces spread
Plant Diseases and Defences
Mineral Ions
not enough
deficiency symptoms
nitrates
make proteins
growth
lack of
stunted growth
magnesium ions
chlorophyll
photosynthesis
lack of
chlorosis
yellow leaves
Diseases
Viral, Bacterial, Fungal pathogens
Signs
stunted growth
spots
decay (rot)
abnormal growths
Malformed stems / leaves
Discolouration
infested / damaged by insects
aphids - damage
Identify
gardening manual
lab
testing kits
Defence
Physical
waxy cuticle
1st barrier from pathogens
cell walls
cellulose
2nd barrier
layers of dead cells around stem
bark on trees
Chemical
antibacterial chemicals
mint plant
poisons
tobacco plants
Mechanical
thorns and hairs
stop animals touching / eating
leaves droop or curl
knocking insects off
mimic other organisms
passion flower has bright yellow spots
mimic butterfly eggs