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ENERGY AND ITS TRANSFORMATION, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
ENERGY AND ITS
TRANSFORMATION
Energy sources
The energy we consume has many different uses.
Household uses: the operating of electncal appliances, heating
transport, for example.
In d ustnal uses: the operating of factones and companies,
construction, agnculture and so on.
Energy sources are natural resources from which we obtain different forms
of energy that can be transformed for a specific use.
Electricity
Electricity is the most widely used form of energy m mdustnalised socieues for two reasons:
It can be easily transformed into other forms of energy, such as
light and heat.
It can be transported long distances inexpensively and with very
httle energy being lost.
Electric power plants
Electric power plants are facilities where pnmary or secondary energy
is transformed into electnmty, Once electricity is generated, it must be
transported to towns, cities or industrial parks.
Transport and distribution of electrical energy
Elec.tnc power plants are usually located far away from the points where
the energy is used — fur safety reasons, space requirements or physical and
geographical considerations.
Conventional electric power plants
Nuclear power plants
This type of plant tm.ludes a nuclear fission reactor that produrces the
pressunsed steam needed to move the turbine rotor.
Uranium ts the main fuel used.
Hydroelectric power plants
This type of power plant uses the potential energy provided by the
height of the stored water in a dam, converting it mto kinetic energy. This energy moves the blades of the turbine.Depending on the destination of the water, hydraulic power plants are divided into two types, gravity or pump.
Fossil fuel thermal power plants
At this type of power plant, water is heated in a boiler by the heat
generated from the combustion of a fossil fuel, usually natural gas or coal
The steam that's generated moves the turbine connected to the generator
Combined cycle power plant
A combined cycle power plant is a power plant that generates electricity by using both a gas turbine and a steam turbine, where the waste heat from the gas turbine is used to produce steam for additional power, increasing overall efficiency.
Non-conventional electric power plants
The environmental problems caused by conventional power plants have
led to the creation and development of non-conventional or alternative
energy power plants.
• The main disadvantage of these power plants is that they generate
much less energy, since they use diffuse energy sources
• The ir advantages are that they contaminate much less than
conventional power plants, they use renewable sources and they
reduce the energy dependence of petroleum and natural gas.
Wind power plants and wind farms
These power plants use the kinetic energy uf the wind to move
the blades of a rotor at the top of a tower, this is referred to as the
wind turbine.
Wind farms are a clean form of generating electnmty However, they
can only be instafled in plat.es with appropnate wind conditions.
Solar power plants
Solar power plants are facilities that produce electricity from sunlight. They use solar panels or mirrors to convert solar energy into electrical power. Their main purpose is to provide clean, renewable energy and reduce pollution.
Photovoltaic power plant
A photovoltaic power plant is a facility that generates electricity by converting sunlight directly into electrical energy using solar panels. It provides clean, renewable energy and helps reduce pollution.
Geothermal power plants
Geothermal power plants generate electricity using heat from inside the Earth. This heat produces steam that drives turbines to generate power. They provide a constant, renewable energy source with low emissions.
Biomass thermal power plants
Biomass thermal power plants generate electricity by burning organic materials such as wood, crop residues, or waste. The heat produces steam, which turns a turbine connected to a generator.
Ocean power plants
Ocean power plants generate electricity by harnessing energy from the sea, such as waves, tides, currents, or temperature differences, and converting it into usable power through turbines or heat-exchange systems.
Environmental impact
Ocean power plants have low greenhouse gas emissions, but they can affect marine ecosystems by altering water flow, underwater noise, and habitats if not carefully designed and located.
An environmental impact assessment evaluates how a project affects the environment by analyzing potential impacts, proposing mitigation measures, and ensuring sustainable and environmentally responsible development.
The extraction of natural resources is the process of removing materials such as minerals, fossil fuels, water, or timber from the Earth for human use.
Fuel transport is the movement of fuels (such as coal, oil, gas, or biomass) from extraction or production sites to processing plants or end users.
Electricity generation is the process of producing electrical energy by converting energy from sources such as fossil fuels, renewable resources, or nuclear power.
Final energy use is the consumption of energy by end users—such as households, industry, and transport—after it has been converted into usable forms like electricity, heat, or fuel.
Waste treatment
Waste treatment is the process of managing and processing waste to reduce its environmental impact, recover resources, or make it safe for disposal.
Some solutions
Efficiency
Energy diversification
Energy savings
