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Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde - Coggle Diagram

- - - - People were worried about what the future held due to rapid changes in industrialisation and technology
    - - Started major leaps forward in science
        
        People were worried that these major changes were corrupting society and replacing religion
        
        Poverty and crime started to run more rampantly as people moved away from their religious beliefs
        
        Stevenson purposefully plays on these fears by putting society's fears and respectability side by side
        
        Men, like Jekyll, were expected to be rational, moral and restrained
        
        Respectability was of the utmost importance in Victorian society
        
        You couldn't be caught doing bad things in public as it would have created a SCANDAL
        
        Hyde would have been especially terrifying because he's part of their society
        
        People had to be secretive about doing 'bad' things
        
        GOTHIC LITERATURE
        
        Secrets
        
        Jekyll tries to hide the secret that he's Hyde
        
        Spooky Setting
        
        Lots of the bad events in this story happen at night time (e.g. girl getting trampled)
        
        Misty nights
        
        Supernatural elements
        
        Jekyll's transformation into Hyde
      - Faced major backlash since it went against religion, which was commonly practiced at the time
- - - - Chose to do his desires in secret
        
        "I concealed my pleasures; and... I stood already committed to the profound duplicity of life" (Jekyll, C10)
        
        felt forced to hide his desires in order to maintain his social perfectionism
        
        Invented a potion to transform into Hyde and commit Jekyll's deep dark desires while Jekyll's reputation stays squeaky clean
        
        "I felt younger, lighter, happier in body"
        Jekyll, C10
        
        Jekyll begins to lose control as he gives himself over to his dark side
        
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    - - THE ID: Primitive, instinctive side acts in ways that will suit their pleasures and needs (Hyde)
  - - - His name refers to hiding Jekyll's behaviour from society
        
        Jekyll tries to convince himself that Hyde is a different entity by wearing different clothes and living in a different house
        
        "It was Hyde, after all, and Hyde alone that was guilty" C10
        
        But every time he makes the choice to change into Hyde, he enables his actions
        
        "I knew myself...to be more wicked, tenfold more wicked" C10
        
        "I knew myself" - Jekyll admits he knew from the start that Hyde was part of him and that he was evil
    - - People are drawn to Hyde's wickedness - they're repulsed by it but they can't pinpoint why
        
        Utterson is obsessed with Hyde and wants to find out how he ties back to Jekyll
        
        Other characters cannot resist talking and gossiping about him
        
        They may see their own dark sides mirrored in his behaviour
        
        They are fascinated by his ability to do what he wants without any fear of shame or scandal
        
        CHALLENGES VICTORIAN IDEAS ABOUT RESPECTABILITY
        
        Hyde exposes their hypocrisy as he is also part of their society
        
        Hyde serves as a warning that if we force people to become PERFECT JEKYLLS, we will only create SECRET HYDES
    - - "Something displeasing, something downright detestable" Enfield C1
        
        Hyde is often animalised throughout the book as it played on the Victorian people's fears of people devolving back to being a primitive life form
      - LOMBROSO'S THEORY
        If you looked good, you were good
        If you looked bad, you were bad
  - - - A rare quality in Victorian society where everyone was judgemental
      - Foreshadows Utterson being the last friend in Jekyll's life
      - May be because he is a lawyer who is used to seeing the grey area in situations
        
        However this reason and rationality is why he isn't able to grasp the full truth between the relationship between Hyde and Jekyll as his mind can't accept Jekyll and Hyde as the same person
        
        His honour as a lawyer also prevents him from reading Jekyll's letter which reveals all the mysteries of the story
      - "I incline to Cain's heresy" Utterson C1
    - - "If your master has fled or is dead, we may at least save his credit" Utterson C8
        
        Reputation = #1 Priority in Victorian society
        
        Utterson shows how loyalty and restraint can be a virtue but it can prevent you from seeing the dark truths about people
  - - - Where Jekyll is ambitious and experimental and willing to push boundaries, Lanyon is cautious and conventional, sticking to tradtional methods
        
        Refers to Jekyll's experiments as "such unscientific balderdash" C2
        
        Lanyon represents the part of the scientific community that was hesitant about the rapid changes taking place
        
        His certainty about the way the world works shatters when he sees something science can't explain
        
        Lanyon still tries to preserve Jekyll's reputation, showing it's paramount to all other aspects of life in the Victorian era
        
        He withers away because of his stubbornness and his health greatly contrasts how he was in the beginning with how hearty and dapper he was
  - - - "The more it looks like Queer Street, the less I ask" Enfield C1
        
        Reflects how men of the era liked to avoid uncomfortable truths at all costs and keep quiet rather than get caught up in a scandal
        
        However, these social codes of silence enabled people like Jekyll to let out their inner Hydes and get away with doing bad things in secret
    - - "I am ashamed of my long tongue" Enfield C1
    - - "I was coming home from some place at the end of the world" Enfield C1
        
        Shows how even Victorian gentlemen harbour secrets
  - - - For Poole to go to Mr. Utterson for help, something has to be very, very wrong
        
        “Mr. Utterson,” said the man, “there is something wrong.” Poole C8
    - - But when Hyde breaks out, all the butlers are scared, shattering the illusion that everything is perfect
        
        Poole shows his own fear when he tries to tell one of the maids to keep quiet
        
        "Poole said...in a ferocity of accent that testified to his own jangled nerves" C8
    - - Shows how Hyde's influence not only affects Jekyll but everyone connected to him
- - - - Embodies the message that everyone has a good and evil side to them
        
        Jekyll is seen as a restrained and upstanding Victorian gentleman and it's because of that he is forced to suppress his desires and indulge in them secrelty
        
        "I already stood committed to the profound duplicity of life" Jekyll C10
        
        Hyde is the physical manifestation of his inner duality
        
        although he represents pure evil, Jekyll doesn't become pure good but rather stays the same as a mix of good and bad
        
        If Jekyll was pure good, he would not keep taking the potion to become Hyde
        
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        Society only wanted to see the good, perfect side of its citizens
        
        Stevenson exposes the hypocrisy of Victorian society and shows respectability as an illusion - nobody is actually perfect
        
        "I was coming home from some place at the end of the world at three o'clock" Enfield C1
        
        "He...drank gin when he was alone to mortify his taste for the vintages" C1
        
        does it behind closed doors as he know it would be frowned upon
        
        "The street shone out in contrast to its dingy neighbourhood" C1
      - Repetition highlights how much he really believes it
    - - "If your master has fled or is dead, we may at least save his credit" Utterson C8
      - Contrasts Utterson's restrained point of view with Jekyll's experimental and ambitious point of view
  - - - Hyde is the only one who is physically violent towards other people
        
        "The man trampled calmly over the child's body" C1
        
        The oxymoron "trampled calmly" highlights how comfortable Hyde is with violence, showing how he's "pure evil"
        
        He deliberately chooses weak targets to attack, showing how he is violent because he enjoys it, not because he wants to, harkening back to him being the 'Id'
        
        Hyde heavily contrasts stereotypical Victorian men, who rarely showed emotion, let alone aggression
        
        "London was startled by a crime of singular ferocity" C4
        
        However, Hyde isn't the only person to show aggression with Utterson and Poole's breaking down of Jekyll's door mirroring Hyde's assault on Carew
        
        "Poole swung the axe...the blow shook the building" C8
        
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        "With ape-like fury he was trampling his victim under foot and hailing down a storm of blows" C4
  - - - Stevenson exposes this repression and the cost it produced
        
        He shows the hypocrisy of Victorian society as people's outward appearances often hid the real truth
        
        Jekyll was born into wealth and status - which meant society expected him to be perfect
        
        He used Hyde as a vector to commit his forbidden acts but over time his chaos grows more and more until Jekyll can't control it anymore
        
        Repression doesn't erase desire, it makes it more dangerous
        
        "like some disconsolate prisoner" C7
        
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        "The moment I choose, I can be rid of Mr. Hyde" Jekyll C3
        
        "With ape like fury he was trampling his victim under foot, hailing down a storm of blows" C4
        
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        However, almost every character is shown to avoid naming or confronting uncomfortable truths
        
        "Not to be opened until the death or disappearance of Dr. Henry Jekyll" C6
        
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        "The more it looks like Queer Street, the less I ask" Enfield C1
    - - "Not to be opened until the death or disappearance of Dr. Henry Jekyll" C8
  - - - This conflict is at the centre of the novella and Jekyll finds himself caught between the two sides
        
        "Such unscientific balderdash" Lanyon C2
        
        Lanyon scolds Jekyll not because his experiments don't work, but because he sees it as an abuse of knowledge and goes against what he believes is the core principles of science
        
        Lanyon believes the core principles of science are order, rationality, and responsibility
        
        This contrasts Jekyll, who is ambitious, curious, and experimental
        
        "Late one accursed night I compounded the elements, watched them boil and smoke" Jekyll C10
        
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