Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Carbonyls Chemistry - Coggle Diagram
Carbonyls Chemistry
Carboxylic acids
R-COOH
C=O
O-H
Polar Allowing formation of H bonds in water
CA with up to 4 carbon atoms are soluble in water
Undergo Redox Reactions with Metals
Neutralization reactions with bases
Aldehydes
R-CH=O
C=O
Polar
Therefore react with Nucleophiles
Very Reactive
Reduced With NaBH4
To form Alcohols
Primary only
-al
butanal
Methanal
Ketones
R-C(=O)-R'
Reduced with NaBH4
Forms Secondary Alcohols
Identification of Ketones And Aldehydes
Bradys Reagent
2,4-DNP Dissolved in Methanol and sulphuric acid
2,4- DiNitroPhenolHydrazine
Flammable and Explosive
Yellow or Orange for a positive result
Used to detect the presence of Aldehydes or Ketones in a substance
Tollens' Reagent
Silver Nitrate Dissolved in Ammonia
Silver Mirror Produced in the presence of an Aldehyde Group
Ag+(aq) + e- --> Ag (s)
Esters
---yl --oate
Hydrolysis of esters
Acid Catalysed
Reflux with dilute HCl
CH3COOCH2CH3 +H2O <---> CH3COOH + HOCH2CH3
HCl
Reversible
Low Yield
Alkaline Hydrolysis
Reflux with Dilute NaOH
CH3COOCH2CH3 + NaOH ---> CH3COONa + HOCH2Ch3