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BRONCHIAL CARCINOMA, INTRA-THORACTC MANIFESTATIONS - Coggle Diagram
BRONCHIAL CARCINOMA
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Differential Diagnosis
A- Clinically :
Old - male - chronic heavy smoker
- Any Chronic recurrent, complicated or unresolving chest complains as,
Prolonged cough or haemoptysis, Pneumonia & lung abscess, localized
bronchial obstruction, pleural effusion & mediastinal syndrome
- Tuberculosis.
B- Radiologically :
Differentiation from other causes of solitary pulmonary nodule (coin shadow):
Pulmonary tumors :- benign tumour, malignant tumour or solitary metastases.
Pulmonary infections:- T.B, pneumonic patch
Treatment:
Choice of the treatment depends on :
1) Histological type of the tumour.
2) Operability;
– Adequate pulmonary function tests.
– No evidence of hilar or mediastinal involvement
– No evidence of extra-thoracic spread.
Lines of treatment include:
1) For non-small cell carcinoma:
A. Operable cases:
- Pneumonectomy or lobectomy which may be followed by postoperative irradiation.
B. Non-operable cases:
- Chemotherapy: e.g. CAMP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, methotrexate &
procarbazine).
- Palliative Radiotherapy: for treatment of pain, haemoptysis, airway obstruction or
SVC obstruction.
2) For small cell carcinoma:
– Chemotherapy :- e.g. VP 16, cycloptosphamide & adriamycin.
– Radiotherapy: for treatment of the primary tumour &- prophylaxis against
cerebral metastases.
3) Symptomatic treatment : e.g.
– Analgesics for chest pain
– Antibiotics for pulmonary infections.
– Aspiration of pleural effusion with intrapleural injection of cytotoxic drugs.
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