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THEORIES AND METHODS: what is sociology? - Coggle Diagram
THEORIES AND METHODS:
what is sociology?
SOCIAL SCIENCES
a group of subjects which focus on society and how it functions as well as how the individuals within that society function and behave - they include sociology, psychology and politics
SOCIAL
INSTITUTIONS
the structures in society which influence how society is structured and manage - they include family, media, education and the government
SOCIOLOGICAL
IMAGINATION
the ability to see things socially and how they interact and influence each other
to have a sociological imagination, a person must be able to pull away from the situation and think from an alternative point of view
VALUES
the goals that society tells us we should be aiming for in order to considered a success
NORMS
the unwritten rules of behaviour within a society
rules which tells the difference between right and wrong as well as rude and polite
SOCIALISATION
process of learning the norms and values of society- it happens in 2 stages:
primary socialisation occurs in the family
through the primary care givers
SECONDARY SOCIALISATION
reinforces primary socialisation through social institutions such as education and the media
MARXISM
structural conflict approach that believes that society is in conflict between the classes - believe that the bourgeoisie oppress the proletariat through various social institutions without their full knowledge
Marx, Engles, Althusser, Gramsci
INTERACTIONISM
micro set of approaches which look at how the individual influences their society through their interactions with others and the social institutions - includes phenomenology, ethnomethodology, social action theory and symbolic interactionism
Goffman, Cooley, Weber
FUNCTIONALISM
structural consensus approach to society - believe that the institutions of society work together in order to maintain social order and social cohesion - believe society is similar to the human body (
organic analogy
)
Durkheim, parsons, merton
FEMINISM
set of structural conflict approaches which see society as a conflict between men and women - look at ways that women are disadvantaged/oppressed by various social institutions and the means by which equally can be achieved
Oakley, Firestone
POSTMODERNISM
a brand approach which sees society in a more diverse and less structured way - believe that people have much more choice which means that they shape their reality and culture to their own needs
Lyotard, Baudrillard,foucault, Giddens
DURKHEIM
society shapes the individual - top down approach theory where the institutions of society influence the behaviour of the individual
social solidarity socialisation + anomie - social solidarity and cohesion is achieved and maintained through socialisation process and learning norms and values
wihtout this society can fall into anomie (normalessness)