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Effects on Exercise - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Effects
        
        increased speed of chemical reactions and energy production
        
        increased flexibility / pliability of muscle
        
        decreased risk of injury
      - Sporting example
        
        Javelin thrower doing a warm up
        
        increase muscle temp in shoulder
    - - Effects
        
        pain / soreness in muscles
        
        muscle fatigue
        
        decreased performance
        
        reduced energy production
      - Sporting example
        
        100m sprint
  - - - Effects
        
        increased size and strength of muscle fibres
        
        increased fast twitch muscle fibre
        
        increased muscle strength and resistance to fatigue
      - Sporting Example
        
        weight training 3-5 times a week
        
        Olympic weightlifting
    - - Effects
        
        increased slow-twitch muscle fibre size leads to increased energy production
        
        increased ability to train at a higher intensity for a longer duration
        
        muscles able to cope better with lactic acid before fatiguing
      - Sporting Example
        
        marathon runner may have slow twitch fibres 22% larger than average
- - - - Effects
        
        pulse increases
        
        more blood ejected from heart every beat
        
        more oxygenated blood
      - Sporting example
        
        Marathon running
    - - Effects
        
        increased blood flow to working muscles via vasodilation
        
        supplies more oxygen and nutrients to fuel
        
        remove more waste products
        
        decrease blood flow to digestive system via vasoconstriction
      - Sporting Example
        
        Marathon runner requires huge volumes of oxygen during race
  - - - Effects
        
        heart muscle gets bigger and stronger
        
        heart can contract with more force resulting in more blood pumped out in one beat
        
        increased stroke volume
        
        allows heart rate to decrease at rest
      - Sporting Example
        
        10,000m runner can run at higher intensity for longer
    - - Effects
        
        as heart increases in size and strength
        
        more blood can be ejected per beat
        
        heart does not need to beat as often
      - Sporting Example
        
        triathlon
        
        Alistair Brownlee - resting HR = 34bpm
    - - Effects
        
        increased HR and SV
        
        during exercise
        
        increased cardiac output
        
        increased blood flow to the muscles to deliver oxygen and remove waste products
      - Sporting Example
        
        trained cyclist - cardiac output = 20l/min
        
        averge = 15l/min
    - - Effects
        
        SV, cardiac output and blood flow increases
        
        waste products removed quicker
        
        faster recovery time
        
        HR returns to resting rate quicker
- - - - Effects
        
        increased rate and depth of breathing
        
        increased volume of air for gaseous exchange
        
        increased oxygen supplied to working muscles for energy production
      - Sporting Example
        
        long distance cyclist
    - - Effects
        
        increased oxygen availability
        
        increased energy production and waste products removed
        
        Haemoglobin carries more oxygen to muscles
      - Sporting example
        
        long distance cyclist
  - - - Effects
        
        increased force of contraction by diaphragm and intercostal muscles
        
        increased volume of chest cavity and lung volume
    - - Effects
        
        increased volume of oxygen diffused into bloodstream and removal of waste products
        
        decreased breathing rate as tidal volume increases
    - - Effects
        
        increased ability to breathe in, transport and use oxygen
        
        increased intensity and duration of performance without fatigue
    - - Effects
        
        increased number of capillaries over alveoli and muscles
        
        increased S.A available for diffusion
        
        increased gaseous exchange
    - - endurance athletes can train and compete at higher intensity for longer duration - breathing in
- - - - Effects
        
        increased mineral density and calcium absorption
        
        increased bone strength
        
        decreased risk of energy
        
        protect against osteoporosis
      - Sporting example
        
        weight training
        
        protects against fractures in contact sports
        
        weight bearing exercise of jogging