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Organic Chemistry - Coggle Diagram
Organic Chemistry
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FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
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Polarity & Properties
Affects Solubility, Boiling Point
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Polarity affects: Solubility, Boiling point, Reactivity
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Common Functional Groups
Aldehydes & Ketones (C=O, Carbonyl Group) Properties: Often reactive at carbonyl carbon, EX: Formaldehyde
Carboxylic Acids (-COOH, Acidic) Properties: Acidic, can donate H⁺ , EX: Acetic Acid (vinegar)
Amines (-NH2), Properties: basic, can hydrogen bond
Esters (-C=O-O-, From acid + alcohol) Properties: Often sweet smelling, EX: Ethyl acetate (fruity smell)
Ethers (-O-), Properties: More polar than alkanes but less than alcohols. Example: Diethyl ether
Amides (-NH-C=O, From acid + amine) Prpoerties: Found in proteins (peptide bond) EX: Acetamide
Alkyl Halides (-X) Properties: Moderately polar, EX: Chloroethane
Alcohols (-OH), Properties: Polar can hydrogen bond. EX: Ethanol
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REACTIONS
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Condensation
Molecules join, Small Molecule (ex. H20) Removed
Types of Reactions
Elimination (Atoms removed, new double/triple bond)
Oxidation & Reduction (Gain/Loss of O, H, or Electrons)
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DIAGRAMS & FORMULAS
Representing Molecules
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Condensed Structuaral Formula: CH₃CH₂OH 
Line-Angle Formula Zig-zag lines, C&H implied
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Naming Organic Molecules
Prefixes: meth-, eth-, prop-, but-
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Suffixes: -and (alkane), -ene (alkene), -ol’ (alcohol), -oic acid (carboxylic acid)
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ISOMERS
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Types
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Enantiomers:mirror images, chiral carbon
Constitutional: same formula, different connectivity
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HYDROCARBONS
Aliphatics
Alkenes (At least one C=C double bond, Unsaturated, more reactive
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Alkynes (At least one C=C triple bond, Unsaturated, very reactive
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Alkanes (Single C-C bonds, Saturated, less reactive
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Aromatics
Benzene Ring (Special Stability) Delocalized electrons, extra stability
Examples (Toluene, Naphthalene
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