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Socio-cultural influences - Coggle Diagram
Socio-cultural influences
Engagement patterns of different social groups in physical activity and sport
age
factors that effect
younger people
are: approval from parents, school, some activities have age restriction and minimum age for London marathon is 18
factors that effect
older people
are: not enough time, more prone to getting injured, old people could lack confidence and Sport is often perceived as a 'young person's activity'.
gender
factors that might contribute to lower female participation rates?
Culture / religion / religious festivals means women have to remain covered
Not enough spare time if a mother has a baby to look after
Don't get filmed for people to watch
Don't have a friend to do sport with. E.g. like going to the gym
Accessibility (to facilities / clubs / activities / clubs) less for girls
don't feel confident to do sport
Uninspiring PE lessons for girls / Attitudes formed due to poor experiences in female lessons
don't get any support from family members which will demotivate a person
Don't have time because there busy with other activities
family, friends and peers and the affects of participation in sport
Parents and siblings, as well as the wider family, can have a
positive impact
, as shown in the following examples:
Moral support - congratulating a son/daughter for trying hard in an athletics taster session
Financial support - Paying a golf club membership fee on behalf of the child.
Transport - driving a child to a regional table tennis training two hours away from home every Sunday
Equipment/kit costs - Buying new boots at the start of each season.
Teaching sporting etiquette/sportsmanship - cheering and clapping on the sidelines of a football match
Parents and siblings, as well as the wider family, can have a
negative impact
, as shown in the following examples:
Moral support - Never attending the child's school hockey matches due to being too busy.
Poor sportsmanship/deviance - Shouting at the referee during a match.
Unrealistic expectations - Expecting their child to be in the A team for their sport.
Transport - relying on a teammates' parent to drive the child to netball practice every Sunday
Placing undue pressures on children - setting unrealistic expectations on the child that causes anxiety
Financial support - not paying for new pointe shoes in dance when the older pair become too small for the child
Keeping children away from peers to gain higher levels of competitions - not allowing their child to attend a birthday party
disability
Sports and physical activities can be adapted by changing:
where it is done
– for example, a shorter distance, lower net, court with zones
how it is done
– for example, two bounces before you hit the ball, roll instead of throw
what is used
– for example, a bell-ball, a flag instead of a whistle
who does what
– for example, uneven teams – 6v4, a guide runner
Many sports and physical activities do ensure inclusion of disabled people. Inclusion requires staff and volunteers to have a positive attitude, communicate effectively and be able to adapt activities.
Disabled people take part in sport in a range of ways – with non-disabled participants and/or with other disabled people. Individuals should be able to choose and change how they participate.
commercialisation
To manage or exploit ( an organisation, activity, etc) in a way designed to make profit. The specification refers to commercialised activity as being sponsorship and the media only.
media
Television
– local and national, freeview, subscription or pay-per-view, interactive, on-demand, Red Button services, satellite or cable.
Radio
– local and national, analogue and digital, public and commercial.
Press
– newspapers – local, national, daily, weekly; magazines – general, specialist; books – technical, biographies, novels.
Films
– cinema, television, DVD and online.
social media
– Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, Flickr.
Internet
– websites, blogs, video channels, live streaming, online sports channels.
The media benefits from the commercialisation of sport. High profile sports stories help to attract audiences, listeners and readers. In turn, the media makes sure that sport keeps a high profile.
Diversified technologies which act as the main means of mass communication
Impact of technology
on the performer
positives:
better equipment + clothing, better training facilities, more inclusion, better safety, fewer injures and better quality feedback.
negatives:
not affordable for all, only rich clubs/nations, performers continually assessed and weaknesses highlighted.
on spectators
positives:
better stadia, better coverage, better access and more accurate decisions.
negatives:
increased ticket prices
on the sport
positives:
better feedback and analysis, better accuracy of timings, better design of equipment, better surfaces, better experience for spectators and excitement.
negatives
: delays and unequal competition
on officials
positvies:
better help to make decisions, better communication and good decisions made public.
negatives
: not for all, over reliant and wrong decisions highlighted.
on sponsors
positives:
better visability, wider audience and better sponsorship opportunities.
negatives
: higher development cost, must be relevent for world audience and increased cost of sponsorship.
sponsorship
an individual or group that provides financial support to an event, activity, person, or organisation.
different types of sponsorship
can be: equipment, team kit/clothing, boot sponsors, transport, team names, appearences, sponsoring the facilities and sponsoring the event.
positive impacts of sponsorship and the media
positive impacts for the athlete
Training facilities could be provided to improve performance
Clothing such as team kit or tracksuits or footwear
Specialist coaches to run training sessions
Specialised training Equipment such as footballs, bibs, cones
Specialist support, e.g. nutritionist to help monitor diet.
Paying for entry fees, through direct cash payments
Transport for teams to get to place to place
negatives impacts of sponsorship and the media
negative impacts for the athlete
Outcome goals may be set, which could increase stress to produce successful results in order to 'repay' sponsored support.
Poor results lead to a loss of sponsorship and income. This could lead a performer to cheat during competition. Take prohibited substances to prevent such a run, maintain their sponsorship and source of employment.
Sponsors product may not be suitable (unhealthy) which may affect the sports performer's reputation.
Direct aggression or cheating may put sponsors off or could result in withdrawal of sponsorship for sports performers.
Demand that the performer has commitments which may mean a loss of free time or privacy or take them away from training.
positives for sponsor
cheaper than TV advertising
Advertising of the company
Tax benefits
A good relationship developed with the local community
Increased revenue or increased sales
negatives for sponsor
If the sport / athlete is linked with a scandal then this could have a damaging effect on the sponsors reputation.
types of sponsor
financial
clothing and equipment including footwear
facilities
etiquette
A convention or unwritten rule in an activity. It is not an enforceable rule but it is usually observed.
Contract to compete
Unwritten agreement to follow and abide by the written and unwritten rules.
sportsmanship
Sportsmanship means playing within the rules and understanding and using sports etiquette. It is playing fairly in the spirit of the game, showing respect and fair play to opponents and graciousness in both victory and defeat
types of media
television
radio
the press
the internet
social media
gamesmanship
Gamesmanship is the use of questionable but not illegal methods to gain an advantage in sport by bending the rules or exploiting them without actually breaking them.