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CHAPTER 4.2 - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 4.2
Sparta
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Helot: in ancient Sparta, a captive person who was forced to work for the conqueror
Males spent their childhood learning discipline, enrolled in the army at 20, stayed in the army until 60.
Women stayed home, had greater freedom of movement, had greater power in household than other places in Greece. Expected husbands to be brave in war.
Oligarchy headed by 2 kings, ephors elected to teach youth and conduct citizens, council of elders decided on issues presented to an assembly of male citizens.
Athens
Draco: a politician, codified the laws, adding harsh penalties, including slavery for debtors.
Dracos laws created problems, Athenian aristocrats gave power to Solon who cancelled all land debts and freed people who had fallen into slavery for debts; helped to avoid tyranny.
Peisistratus: seized power later, aided Athenian trade to please merchants, gave aristocrats' land to peasants to gain favor of the poor.
Cleisthenes: created a new council of 500 that supervised foreign affairs, oversaw treasury, proposed laws that would be voted on by the assembly; reforms of Cleisthenes created the foundation for Athenian democracy.
Greek Colonization
Overpopulation at home, a desire for good farmland, and the growth of trade were important factors in deciding to settle in new places.
Greek colonies were established in southern Italy, southern France, eastern Spain, and northern Africa west of Egypt.
Colonization led to a spread of their culture and political ideas, increased trade and industry, and more wealthy people.
Tyranny
Tyrant: a ruler who seized power by force from the aristocrats, gained support from the newly rich and the poor, and maintained power by using hired soldiers and fighting tactics.
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Polis
The early Greek city-state, consisting of a city or town and its surrounding countryside.
Acropolis
In early Greek city-states, a fortified gathering place at the top of a hill that was sometimes the site of temples and public buildings.
Agora
In early Greek city-states, an open area that served as a gathering place and as a market.
Who were citizens?
The polis consisted of citizens with political rights (adult males), citizens with no political rights (women and children), and noncitizens (including agricultural laborers, slaves, and resident aliens).
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