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5Gb)_2. 注意力心理学(Attention & Eye Movement) - Coggle Diagram
5Gb)_2. 注意力心理学(Attention & Eye Movement)
2.1 Michael Posner|注意网络理论(Attention Networks)
2.1.1Three major attention networks (core structure)三大注意网络(核心结构)
2.1.1.1警觉网络(Alerting Network)
2.1.1.2定向网络(Orienting Network)
2.1.1.3执行控制网络(Executive Control Network)
2.1.2 Translate the three major networks into a compositional language (a crucial step)把三大网络翻译成构图语言(非常关键)
警觉 启动器 对比、中断、亮点、节奏变化 看到了
定向 导演 引导线、布局、视线方向 看对了
执行 编辑 层级、留白、关系设计 看懂了
2.1.3 Posner 如何解释你前面讲过的很多“现象”
2.1.3.1Why do 'highly explosive scenes' make people reluctant to watch?为什么“很炸的画面”反而让人不想看?
2.1.3.2Why does minimalism make things look more sophisticated?为什么极简画面反而显“高级”?
2.1.3.3Why is the 'can't find the key point' screen so exhausting?为什么“找不到重点”的画面很累?
2.1.3.4Posner × Composition = An "Attention Timeline"Posner × 构图 = 一个“注意力时间轴”
0–1 秒:警觉网络0-1 second: Alert network
Is there anything I should stop?有没有东西让我停下?
1–3 秒:定向网络1-3 seconds: Directed network
我先看哪?再看哪?Which one should I watch first?
3 秒以后:执行控制网络3 seconds later: execute control network
我是否理解?是否愿意继续看?Do I understand? Would you like to continue watching?
2.1.3.5构图设计中的“注意力预算”概念(进阶)The Concept of "Attention Budget" in Composition Design
观者的注意力是有限资源(attention budget)
警觉刺激太多 → 预算被瞬间消耗Excessive alerting stimuli → instantaneous budget depletion
定向路径混乱 → 预算被浪费Directional path confusion → Budget waste
执行任务过重 → 预算透支Overload → Budget overrun
成熟构图的策略Strategies of mature composition
用 少量强刺激 启动initiated with a small amount of strong stimulation
用 清晰路径 引导Use clear path guidance
给 执行网络留空间(留白、秩序、节奏)Leave room for the execution network (white space, order, rhythm)
2.2 Anne Treisman|特征整合理论(Feature Integration Theory, FIT)
2.2.2FIT 的核心结构The core structure of FIT
2.2.3关键概念:Pop-out vs Conjunction Search
2.2.3.1Pop-out(特征搜索)Pop-out (feature search)
2.2.3.2Conjunction Search(结合搜索)
2.2.3.3Illusory Conjunction(错觉性结合)
2.2.3.4FIT × 构图的 4 条硬原则The 4 hard rules of FIT × composition
2.2.3.4.1焦点 = 单一主特征Focus = Single primary feature
2.2.3.4.2背景要“可忽略”Background must be "negligible"
2.2.3.4.3复杂 ≠ 多Complex and complicated
2.2.3.4.4周边区域必须更干净The surrounding area must be cleaner
2.3 James J. Gibson|生态知觉理论(Ecological Perception)
2.3.1 核心概念一:不变因素(Invariants)
2.3.2 核心概念二:光学阵列(Optic Array)
2.3.3 核心概念三:光学流(Optic Flow)
2.3.4 核心概念四:Affordance(可供性)
2.3.5 Gibson 对构图的 5 条“生态原则”Gibson's 5 Ecological Principles for Composition
优先构造连续结构,而非孤立元素Construct continuous structures first, not isolated elements.
用纹理梯度与重复,替代强制透视Replace forced perspective with texture gradients and repetitions
让空间“自己说话”,而不是靠解释让信息在运动中成立,而不只在定点成立Let information be established in motion, not just at a fixed point.
让信息在运动中成立,而不只在定点成立Let information be established in motion, not just at a fixed point.
构图=行为脚本(behavior script)Composition = Behavior Script